The patient involvement in nursing education: A mixed-methods systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the effects patient involvement in nursing education has on students, patients and academic staff using a specific theoretical framework. Design: Mixed-methods systematic review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodology (Prospero no. CRD42022327158). Data sources: Seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, PsychINFO, Scopus, ERIC, Embase), Google Scholar and reference lists were searched. Review methods: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method studies published from 2012 to 2022 were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies for eligibility and quality; any disagreement was discussed with a third reviewer. Data were extracted and analysed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute converged integrated approach. Results: Twenty-one qualitative, one quantitative and five mixed-methods studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were provided from three points of view: students, patients and academic staff. Student integrated findings included: (i) students' reactions towards patient involvement in education; (ii) students' views on the learning process and (iii) on ethical issue. From the patient point of view, the integrated findings addressed (i) patients' goals and effects on students' learning; (ii) how patients teach and get involved with students; (iii) how patients perceived their role; the patients' views on facilitators (iv) and barriers (v) in education; (vi) the perceived effects of being involved in education. Four integrated findings were derived from the academic staff's point of view: (i) academics' perceptions on patient vulnerability; (ii) perceived barriers to the efficacy of patient involvement in education; (iii) effects of patient involvement in nursing education; and (iv) methodological aspects of patient involvement in university curriculum. Conclusions: This systematic review provides useful information from all stakeholders' perspectives on the effects of patient involvement in nursing education. It offers a broader view of the implications for implementation and for developing theoretical frameworks and hypotheses for future research.