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Continuous-Flow Glycerolysis of Urea to Glycerol Carbonate: The Critical Role of Operating Pressure

A combined theoretical and experimental study on the carbonylation of glycerol with urea has identified low operating pressure as a key parameter for process optimization. Based on these insights, an improved multiple-pass continuous-flow system was developed, enabling the solvent-free synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) with enhanced efficiency. The optimized process achieved a productivity of ∼130 g/day, delivering high purity (>95%), and an isolated yield of 80%, thereby demonstrating ...

Germline pathogenic variants of cancer predisposition genes in a multicentre Italian cohort of pancreatic cancer patients

Background and aim: Germline BRCA1–2 test is routinely recommended in Pancreatic Cancer (PC) patients, due to its clinical-epidemiological relevance. Data on the prevalence of germline pathogenic variants (gPV) in other cancer predisposition and DNA Damage Repair (DDR) system-related genes in unselected PC cases are sparce in Italy. We assessed this prevalence in a multicentre cohort, to derive recommendations for PC patients. Methods: Clinical data of 1200 consecutive PC patients, of any age...

Prognostic impact of interval breast cancer detection in women with pT1a N0M0 breast cancer with HER2-positive status: Results from a multicentre population-based cancer registry study

Background Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, patients (pts) with pT1a N0M0 breast cancers (BCs) have an excellent outcome across all subtypes. Interval cancers (ICs) have poorer survival than screen-detected (SD) tumours, and an association has been reported between ICs and HER2 overexpression. We aimed to determine, in a general population of pT1a N0M0 BCs with known screening status, whether HER2-positive ICs have a po...

Metformin plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the first-line treatment of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. The MYME randomized, phase 2 clinical trial

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of metformin (M) plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: Non-diabetic women with HER2-negative MBC were randomized to receive non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) 60 mg/m 2 + cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m 2 × 8 cycles Q21 days plus M 2000 mg/day (arm A) versus NPLD/C (arm B). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: One-hundred-twenty-two patients were...

Insight into genetic susceptibility to male breast cancer by multigene panel testing: Results from a multicenter study in Italy

Breast cancer (BC) in men is rare and genetic predisposition is likely to play a relevant role in its etiology. Inherited mutations in BRCA1/2 account for about 13% of all cases and additional genes that may contribute to the missing heritability need to be investigated. In our study, a well-characterized series of 523 male BC (MBC) patients from the Italian multicenter study on MBC, enriched for non-BRCA1/2 MBC cases, was screened by a multigene custom panel of 50 cancer-associated genes. Th...

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