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Histological artifacts induced by the contrast agent in Multi-Phase Post-Mortem CT Angiography (MPMCTA): Part I - Normal Tissues

Introduction: Multiphase postmortem computed tomographic angiography (MPMCTA) is a technique that provides comprehensive visualization of the cardiovascular system by injection of a contrast agent into the cadaver. Our aim is to systematically describe the histo-morphological changes and artifacts induced by the injection of the mixture of contrast agents (Angiofil® and paraffin oil) used for MPMCTA. Materials and methods: Histological specimens taken from 37 cases undergoing MPMCTA and autop...

Inter-operator reliability of the total decomposition score (TDS) method for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) in outdoor cases

In the estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI), semi-quantitative methods have been proposed to overcome the challenges associated with determining the time of death. Among these, the Total Decomposition Score (TDS) method, developed by Gelderman et al., offers a systematic and semi-quantitative approach for estimating PMI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the TDS by assessing its interoperator variability and comparing the results obtained with known reference da...

LES Modelling of Spark-Ignition Cycle-to-Cycle Variability on a Highly Downsized DISI Engine

The paper reports an activity aiming at characterizing cycle-to-cycle variability (CCV) of the spark-ignition (SI) process in a high performance engine. The numerical simulation of spark-ignition and of early flame kernel evolution are major challenges, mainly due to the time scales of the spark discharge process and to the reduced spatial scales of flame kernel. Typical mesh resolutions are insufficient to resolve the process and a dedicated treatment has to be provided at a subgrid level if...

A novel 3D-CFD-simulation-based model to predict potential boiling-related erosion damage in engine cooling circuits

In recent years, the increasing power density of reciprocating internal combustion engines has posed significant challenges to maintain optimal temperature conditions and to preserve thermo-mechanical reliability. In order to improve the cooling circuit performance, local nucleate boiling has become a key phenomenon to promote pointwise heat transfer. However, experimental studies also revealed that, in presence of boiling, surface erosion can potentially occur in specific areas of the engine...

On the influence of the H2 flame thermo-diffusive instability at engine-like conditions: A CFD-driven study

The effect of thermo-diffusive (TD) instabilities on combustion of lean and ultra-lean mixtures is one of the most debated aspects in the field of hydrogen internal combustion engines (ICEs). This paper presents a numerical setup for 3D-CFD in-cylinder simulations of H2 ICEs and, by adopting it, the effect of the TD instability is assessed. An initial setup relying on G-equation to represent the flame propagation is presented, with a Damköhler-like correlation for the turbulent flame speed an...

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