Perceiving minds, not objects: How Theory of Mind inhibits objectification in social relations

Despite the growing literature documenting the pervasiveness of objectification in today's interpersonal exchanges, no studies have yet analyzed possible inhibitors. Through three preregistered studies and one intervention ( N tot = 813), we proposed Theory of Mind (ToM) – in its cognitive and affective dimensions – as a socio-cognitive skill that can counteract interpersonal objectification. Beyond assessing individual ToM levels (Studies 1, 2, 3), we activated it by exposing participants to multimedia stimuli (Studies 2a, 2b) triggering thoughts and emotion recognition. Additionally, we trained ToM through a one-month intervention program involving school-aged children (Study 3). Overall, our findings documented a consistent negative association between ToM levels and various indicators of interpersonal objectification. While temporary ToM activation did not decrease objectification, structured ToM training was found to be particularly effective in inhibiting this tendency. Finally, a distinct impact of cognitive vs. affective ToM did not clearly emerge, highlighting methodological issues when assessing these dimensions separately.