Objectives: The first COVID-19-19 epidemic wave was over the period February-May 2020. Since October 1st, 2020 Italy, as many other European countries, faced a second wave. The aim of this analysis was to compare the 28-day mortality between the two waves among COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Design: Observational cohort study. Standard survival analysis was performed to compare all-cause mortality within 28 days after hospital admission in the two waves. Kaplan-Meier curves as well as Cox regression model analysis were used. The effect of wave on risk of death was shown by means of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A sensitivity analysis around the impact of the circulating variant as a potential unmeasured confounder was performed. Setting: University Hospital of Modena, Italy. Patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the first (February 22nd – May 31st, 2020) and second wave (October 1st- December 31st, 2020) were included. Results: During the two study periods, a total of 1,472 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to our hospital, 449 during the first wave and 1,023 during the second. Median age was 70 years (IQR:56-80), 37% females, 49% with PaO /FiO < 250 mmHg, 82% with ≥1 comorbidity, median duration of symptoms was 6 days. 28-day mortality rate was 20.0% (95% CI:16.3-23.7) during the first wave vs. 14.2% (95% CI:12.0-16.3) in the second (log-rank test p-value= 0.03). After including key predictors of death in the multivariable Cox regression model, the data still strongly suggested a lower 28-day mortality rate in the 2nd wave (aHR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90, p- value=0.01). Conclusions: In our hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, the 28-day mortality appeared to be reduced by 36% during the second as compared to the first wave. Further studies are needed to identify factors that may have contributed to this improved survival.
First and second wave among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia: a comparison of 28-day mortality over 1-year pandemic in a tertiary university hospital in Italy / Meschiari, M; Cozzi-Lepri, A; Tonelli, R; Bacca, E; Menozzi, M; Franceschini, E; Cuomo, G; Bedini, A; Volpi, S; Milic, J; Brugioni, L; Romagnoli, E; Pietrangelo, A; Corradini, E; Coloretti, I; Biagioni, E; Busani, S; Girardis, M; Cossarizza, A; Clini, E; Guaraldi, G; Mussini, C.. - In: BMJ OPEN. - ISSN 2044-6055. - 12:1(2022), pp. 1-11. [10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054069]
First and second wave among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia: a comparison of 28-day mortality over 1-year pandemic in a tertiary university hospital in Italy.
Meschiari, M;Tonelli, R;Bacca, E;Menozzi, M;Franceschini, E;Volpi, S;Romagnoli, E;Pietrangelo, A;Corradini, E;Coloretti, I;Biagioni, E;Busani, S;Girardis, M;Cossarizza, A;Clini, E;Guaraldi, G;Mussini, C.
2022
Abstract
Objectives: The first COVID-19-19 epidemic wave was over the period February-May 2020. Since October 1st, 2020 Italy, as many other European countries, faced a second wave. The aim of this analysis was to compare the 28-day mortality between the two waves among COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Design: Observational cohort study. Standard survival analysis was performed to compare all-cause mortality within 28 days after hospital admission in the two waves. Kaplan-Meier curves as well as Cox regression model analysis were used. The effect of wave on risk of death was shown by means of hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A sensitivity analysis around the impact of the circulating variant as a potential unmeasured confounder was performed. Setting: University Hospital of Modena, Italy. Patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the first (February 22nd – May 31st, 2020) and second wave (October 1st- December 31st, 2020) were included. Results: During the two study periods, a total of 1,472 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to our hospital, 449 during the first wave and 1,023 during the second. Median age was 70 years (IQR:56-80), 37% females, 49% with PaO /FiO < 250 mmHg, 82% with ≥1 comorbidity, median duration of symptoms was 6 days. 28-day mortality rate was 20.0% (95% CI:16.3-23.7) during the first wave vs. 14.2% (95% CI:12.0-16.3) in the second (log-rank test p-value= 0.03). After including key predictors of death in the multivariable Cox regression model, the data still strongly suggested a lower 28-day mortality rate in the 2nd wave (aHR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90, p- value=0.01). Conclusions: In our hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, the 28-day mortality appeared to be reduced by 36% during the second as compared to the first wave. Further studies are needed to identify factors that may have contributed to this improved survival.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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