Introduction: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is a heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in several genes. Based on the presence of hyposmia/anosmia it is distin- guished into Kallmann syndrome (KS) and isolated HH. The prevalence of other develop- mental anomalies is not well established. Methods: We studied 36 patients with HH (31 males, 5 females, mean age 41.5), 9 with familial and 27 with sporadic HH (33 congenital, 3 adult-onset), by physical examination, smell test (BSIT Sensonics), audiometry, renal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imag- ing of the olfactory structures. Results: Based on the smell test, patients were classified as normosmic (n = 21, 58.3%) and hypo/anosmic (n = 15, 41.6%). Hypoplasia/agenesis of olfactory bulbs was found in 40% of patients (10/25; 75% hypo/anosmic, 7.6% normosmic, p<0.01, Fisher’s test). Remarkably, olfactory structures were normal in two anosmic patients, while one nor- mosmic patient presented a unilateral hypoplastic bulb. Fourteen of 33 patients (42.4%) presented neurosensorial hearing loss of various degrees (28.5% hypo/anosmic, 52.6% normosmic, p=NS). Renal ultrasound revealed 27.7% of cases with renal anomalies (26.6% hypo/anosmic, 28.5% normosmic, p = NS). At least one midline defect was found in 50% of the patients (53.3% hypo/anosmic, 47.6% normosmic, p = NS), including abnor- mal palate, dental anomalies, pectus excavatum, bimanual synkinesis, iris coloboma, and absent nasal cartilage. Anamnestically 4/31 patients reported cryptorchidism (25% hypo/anosmic, 5.2% normosmic, p = NS). Conclusion: Hypo/anosmia is significantly related to anatomical anomalies of the olfac- tory bulbs/tracts but the prevalence of other developmental anomalies, especially midline defects and neurosensorial hearing loss, is high both in HH and KS and independent of the presence of anosmia/hyposmia. From the clinical standpoint KS and normosmic HH should be considered as the same complex, developmental disease.
Prevalence of olfactory and other developmental anomalies in patients with central hypogonadotropic hypogonadism / DELLA VALLE, Elisa; Vezzani, Silvia; Rochira, Vincenzo; Antonio R. M., Granata; Madeo, Bruno; Genovese, Elisabetta; Pignatti, Elisa; Marino, Marco; Carani, Cesare; Simoni, Manuela. - In: FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY. - ISSN 1664-2392. - ELETTRONICO. - 4(2013), pp. 70/1-70/5.
Data di pubblicazione: | 2013 |
Titolo: | Prevalence of olfactory and other developmental anomalies in patients with central hypogonadotropic hypogonadism |
Autore/i: | DELLA VALLE, Elisa; Vezzani, Silvia; Rochira, Vincenzo; Antonio R. M., Granata; Madeo, Bruno; Genovese, Elisabetta; Pignatti, Elisa; Marino, Marco; Carani, Cesare; Simoni, Manuela |
Autore/i UNIMORE: | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2013.00070 |
Rivista: | |
Volume: | 4 |
Pagina iniziale: | 70/1 |
Pagina finale: | 70/5 |
Codice identificativo Scopus: | 2-s2.0-84884182138 |
Codice identificativo Pubmed: | 23760293 |
Citazione: | Prevalence of olfactory and other developmental anomalies in patients with central hypogonadotropic hypogonadism / DELLA VALLE, Elisa; Vezzani, Silvia; Rochira, Vincenzo; Antonio R. M., Granata; Madeo, Bruno; Genovese, Elisabetta; Pignatti, Elisa; Marino, Marco; Carani, Cesare; Simoni, Manuela. - In: FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY. - ISSN 1664-2392. - ELETTRONICO. - 4(2013), pp. 70/1-70/5. |
Tipologia | Articolo su rivista |
File in questo prodotto:
File | Descrizione | Tipologia | |
---|---|---|---|
051_Della_Valle_et_al_Frontiers_Endocrinology_2013.pdf | Articolo principale | Post-print dell'autore (bozza post referaggio) | Open Access Visualizza/Apri |

I documenti presenti in Iris Unimore sono rilasciati con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 3.0 Italia, salvo diversa indicazione.
In caso di violazione di copyright, contattare Supporto Iris