Solidlike and liquidlike behavior in monolayers and multilayers of metal-bearing amphiphiles

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of cadmium stearate (CdSt) and cobalt stearate (CoSt) Langmuir-Blodgett films show differences in their in-plane morphologies. CdSt films, with a huge number of in-plane “pinhole” defects, follow self-affine behavior, whereas CoSt films, which are almost void of such in-plane defects, show deviation from self-affinity especially at small length scales, suggesting liquidlike behavior, imparting flexibility to the system, in plane. Phase images of CoSt obtained from tapping mode AFM show gentle undulations or hemispherelike features in contrast to its smooth topography, unlike the CdSt system where both height and phase images show self-affine domains. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy indicates no preferred in-plane orientation of the head group in CoSt films. The undulating features in CoSt is explained by invoking a radially symmetric orientational distribution in the tilt of adjacent hydrocarbon tails, causing a small in-plane density variation which shows up in the phase image. These orientational disorders in adjacent tails probably allow “filling up” of in-plane defects thereby giving rise to its excellent in-plane coverage and hence a “liquidlike” behavior in CoSt. Brewster angle microscopy shows that parent Langmuir monolayers of stearic acid in the presence of Cd and Co ions in the aqueous subphase behave as two-dimensional “solids” and “liquids,” respectively, suggesting the phenomena to be inherent in the amphiphiles and probably independent of their organization as monolayers and multilayers.