Effects of caffeine and coffee consumption on cardiovascular disease and risk factors

In recent years, clinical and observational studies reported that coffee consumption was associated with cardiac arrhythmia, with increased in serum cholesterol and blood pressure and affected heart rate variability, and subsequently increased cardiovascular risk. The analysis of these paper shows that data are controversial and strongly depends on methodology. Recent reports underline the beneficial effects of coffee consumption due to anti-inflammatory actions mediated by antioxidant compound of the beverages.