This PhD project was supported by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU, under the Project SUS-MIRRI.IT (Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy, code n. IR0000005). The SUS-MIRRI.IT project aims to strengthen research, services, and training within the Italian network of microbial culture collections (MIRRI-IT). Through the project, the microbial resources of culture collections are being valorised and better characterized, with the aim of optimizing their management and unlocking their genomic and metabolic potential for sustainable bioscience and bioeconomy. The research activity was carried out at the Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC) (https://www.umcc.unimore.it). The aim of this PhD project was to investigate both microbiomes and cultivable microorganisms to support the development of fermented beverages and evaluate new strategies for the valoritazion of agro-wastes. To achieve these purposes, the experimental approach included microbiological, molecular biology, and physiochemical techniques as the main investigative tools. Fermented foods and beverages can be obtained using selected starter cultures or indigenous microorganisms with diverse and complementary functions, responsible for transforming raw materials into distinctive products. Microbiomes are the microbial communities and their associated genomic elements that inhabit a defined habitat and exhibit unique physicochemical properties. In this frame, the study of the cultivable fraction of fermented foods and beverages is of great importance, as it supports conventional production processes and offers innovative inputs for bioprocesses design. A comprehensive study of the microbiomes of fermented food, from sampling and preservation to exploitation, can contribute both to a better understanding of their microbial diversity and to the characterization of key microorganisms, providing the basis for assembling controlled microbial communities with desirable technological properties. Although the preservation and handling of single microbial strains are supported by well-established practices, microbiome conservation still requires methodological development to maintain community structure and functionality after long-term storage. In this project, long-term preservation methods for microbiomes from fermented beverages (wine vinegar, fruit vinegar, and Kombucha tea) were evaluated. The research assessed the effects of cryopreservation and lyophilization processes on viability, microbial composition before and after propagation, and fermentative capability of preserved microbiomes. Customized protocols for microbiome management were developed. The culturomics assessment through isolation, identification and reconstruction of a microbiome for Kombucha tea fermentation process confirmed that designed microbial communities can be build up and used for the development of controlled fermentations. Finally, the acetic acid bacteria diversity present at UMCC was investigated in relation to the development of small-scale fermentations aimed at valorizing agro-wastes. Olive mill wastewater, a by-product of olive oil extraction that poses serious environmental issues in the Mediterranean area, was chosen as a feedstock. The results highlighted the feasibility of transforming olive mill wastewater into non-alcoholic beverages using by both static and submerged fermentation systems. Overall, the research developed within this PhD project contributed to strengthen the UMCC’s capability in storing microbiomes and exploit cultivable microorganisms with technological transfer potential, thus supporting MIRRI.IT infrastructure in accordance with the principles of sustainable bioscience and bioeconomy.

Questo progetto di dottorato è stato finanziato dalla Commissione Europea – NextGenerationEU, nell’ambito del Progetto SUS-MIRRI.IT (Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy, codice n. IR0000005). Il progetto SUS-MIRRI.IT mira a potenziare la ricerca, i servizi e la formazione all’interno della rete italiana delle collezioni microbiche (MIRRI-IT). Attraverso tale iniziativa, le risorse microbiche delle collezioni vengono valorizzate e meglio caratterizzate, con l’obiettivo di ottimizzarne la gestione e di svelarne il potenziale genomico e metabolico a sostegno della bioscienza e della bioeconomia sostenibile. Le attività di ricerca sono state condotte presso la Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC) (https://www.umcc.unimore.it). L’obiettivo del progetto è stato lo studio di microbiomi e microrganismi coltivabili per sostenere lo sviluppo di bevande fermentate e valutare nuove strategie di valorizzazione di scarti agroalimentari. L’approccio sperimentale ha integrato tecniche microbiologiche, di biologia molecolare e fisico-chimiche come principali strumenti di indagine. Gli alimenti e le bevande fermentate possono essere ottenuti sia tramite l’impiego di colture starter selezionate, sia grazie all’attività di microrganismi autoctoni con funzioni complementari, responsabili della trasformazione delle materie prime in prodotti con caratteristiche specifiche. I microbiomi sono comunità microbiche e relativi elementi genomici che abitano un determinato ambiente, con specifiche proprietà chimico-fisiche. Uno studio approfondito dei microbiomi di alimenti fermentati, dal campionamento alla conservazione fino alla loro valorizzazione, consente di ampliare la conoscenza della diversità microbica e di identificare microrganismi chiave, utili per l’assemblaggio di comunità microbiche controllate con specifiche proprietà tecnologiche. In questo contesto, lo studio della frazione coltivabile di alimenti e bevande fermentate riveste grande importanza, poiché supporta i processi produttivi tradizionali e fornisce input innovativi per nuovi bioprocessi. Sebbene la conservazione di singoli ceppi microbici sia sostenuta da pratiche consolidate, la conservazione dei microbiomi richiede ancora lo sviluppo di metodologie in grado di mantenerne struttura e funzionalità dopo lunghi periodi di stoccaggio. Sono stati valutati metodi di conservazione a lungo termine per microbiomi provenienti da bevande fermentate (aceto di vino, aceto di frutta e tè Kombucha), analizzando gli effetti di crioconservazione e liofilizzazione su vitalità, composizione microbica e capacità fermentativa. Inoltre, sono stati sviluppati protocolli personalizzati per la loro gestione. L’approccio di colturomica, basato su isolamento, identificazione e ricostruzione di microbiomi per la fermentazione del tè Kombucha, ha confermato la possibilità di creare comunità microbiche sintetiche per fermentazioni controllate. Infine, la diversità dei batteri acetici presenti in UMCC è stata studiata per condurre fermentazioni su piccola scala per la valorizzazione di scarti agroindustriali. Le acque di vegetazione olearia, sottoprodotto dell’industria olearia che rappresenta una criticità ambientale nel Mediterraneo, sono state impiegate come substrato. I risultati hanno evidenziato la fattibilità di trasformare tali acque in bevande non alcoliche, mediante sistemi di fermentazione in statico e in sommerso. Complessivamente, le attività svolte hanno contribuito a rafforzare la capacità dell’UMCC nella conservazione dei microbiomi e nell’impiego di microrganismi coltivabili con potenziale di trasferimento tecnologico, supportando così l’infrastruttura MIRRI-IT in linea con i principi della bioscienza sostenibile e della bioeconomia.

Risorse microbiche nell’ambito del progetto SUS-MIRRI.IT: gestione di microbiomi e microrganismi coltivabili a supporto della valorizzazione delle bevande fermentate presso la Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC) / Lara Signorello , 2026 Apr 16. 38. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2024/2025.

Risorse microbiche nell’ambito del progetto SUS-MIRRI.IT: gestione di microbiomi e microrganismi coltivabili a supporto della valorizzazione delle bevande fermentate presso la Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC)

SIGNORELLO, LARA
2026

Abstract

This PhD project was supported by the European Commission – NextGenerationEU, under the Project SUS-MIRRI.IT (Strengthening the MIRRI Italian Research Infrastructure for Sustainable Bioscience and Bioeconomy, code n. IR0000005). The SUS-MIRRI.IT project aims to strengthen research, services, and training within the Italian network of microbial culture collections (MIRRI-IT). Through the project, the microbial resources of culture collections are being valorised and better characterized, with the aim of optimizing their management and unlocking their genomic and metabolic potential for sustainable bioscience and bioeconomy. The research activity was carried out at the Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC) (https://www.umcc.unimore.it). The aim of this PhD project was to investigate both microbiomes and cultivable microorganisms to support the development of fermented beverages and evaluate new strategies for the valoritazion of agro-wastes. To achieve these purposes, the experimental approach included microbiological, molecular biology, and physiochemical techniques as the main investigative tools. Fermented foods and beverages can be obtained using selected starter cultures or indigenous microorganisms with diverse and complementary functions, responsible for transforming raw materials into distinctive products. Microbiomes are the microbial communities and their associated genomic elements that inhabit a defined habitat and exhibit unique physicochemical properties. In this frame, the study of the cultivable fraction of fermented foods and beverages is of great importance, as it supports conventional production processes and offers innovative inputs for bioprocesses design. A comprehensive study of the microbiomes of fermented food, from sampling and preservation to exploitation, can contribute both to a better understanding of their microbial diversity and to the characterization of key microorganisms, providing the basis for assembling controlled microbial communities with desirable technological properties. Although the preservation and handling of single microbial strains are supported by well-established practices, microbiome conservation still requires methodological development to maintain community structure and functionality after long-term storage. In this project, long-term preservation methods for microbiomes from fermented beverages (wine vinegar, fruit vinegar, and Kombucha tea) were evaluated. The research assessed the effects of cryopreservation and lyophilization processes on viability, microbial composition before and after propagation, and fermentative capability of preserved microbiomes. Customized protocols for microbiome management were developed. The culturomics assessment through isolation, identification and reconstruction of a microbiome for Kombucha tea fermentation process confirmed that designed microbial communities can be build up and used for the development of controlled fermentations. Finally, the acetic acid bacteria diversity present at UMCC was investigated in relation to the development of small-scale fermentations aimed at valorizing agro-wastes. Olive mill wastewater, a by-product of olive oil extraction that poses serious environmental issues in the Mediterranean area, was chosen as a feedstock. The results highlighted the feasibility of transforming olive mill wastewater into non-alcoholic beverages using by both static and submerged fermentation systems. Overall, the research developed within this PhD project contributed to strengthen the UMCC’s capability in storing microbiomes and exploit cultivable microorganisms with technological transfer potential, thus supporting MIRRI.IT infrastructure in accordance with the principles of sustainable bioscience and bioeconomy.
Microbial Resources within SUS-MIRRI.IT Project: Handling Microbiomes and Cultivable Microorganisms for Enhancing Fermented Beverages Valorization at the Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC)
16-apr-2026
ARENA, Mattia Pia
GULLO, Maria
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