Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by a wide range of clinical presentation, heterogeneous progression and variable survival, with some patients (called “catastrophic”, rated as < 10%) having an extremely deleterious progression leading to death or tracheostomy within one year from symptom onset. This population is extremely fragile, and represent a great challenge even for experienced clinicians, as their conditions relentlessly worsen before support procedures are carried out. We hypothesize that emerging modifiers of ALS progression including systemic and neurological inflammation, microbiota composition and metabolic profile, may aberrantly interact to precipitate ALS course especially in this specific population. Objectives The aim of the project is to deeply characterize with clinical, neurophysiological, immunological and metabolic signatures a cohort of “catastrophic” ALS patients with respect to “classical” ALS patients. For this purpose, our broad objectives are as follows: - To compare immune and metabolic profiles of “catastrophic” and “classical” ALS patient - To decipher optimal immunological-microbiota intersection to predict ALS progression as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis in ALS. Methods We conduct a prospective study at a single tertiary MND Center set in Modena, Northern Italy. According to our prevalent population, we estimate to enrol 60 patients, with a 1:3 ratio (15 catastrophic vs 45 classic ALS patients). A “catastrophic” evolution has been defined as based on survival <12 months from onset or on progression rate as measured by ALSFRS-R slope of ≥3 points/month. ALS patients will be deeply clinically and neurophysiologically phenotyped, applying techniques as EMG, MEPs, as well as 3T brain MRI and genetic analysis by NGS whenever collected as part of the diagnostic process. Systemic inflammation biomarkers (including neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, along with an extensive set of cytokines and chemokines), microglial (as serpinA1 and CHI3L1) and neuronal injury biomarkers (NSE and NF) are measured on sera and, whenever collected per clinical practice on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). Metabolic changes are examined by dosing cholesterol metabolites, amino acids and energy intermediates. Intestinal inflammatory response and gut microbiota composition are evaluated in fecal samples. Comparisons between the two groups will be performed by logistic regression and survival models. Expected results Based on literature evidence, we expect to find that in catastrophic ALS the dysregulation of the inflammatory response, talking with metabolic background and microbiota composition, would be more impactful compared to patients with a slower disease. We aim to establish a set of immunological and metabolic features allowing an early identification of this subset of patients, for accurate stratification for clinical trials and for timely management of patients need. Finally, we hope to individuate vulnerable processes that could be targeted to modulate disease progression.
Introduzione La sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è caratterizzata da un'ampia gamma di presentazioni cliniche, progressione eterogenea e sopravvivenza variabile, con alcuni pazienti (chiamati "catastrofici", classificati come < 10%) che presentano una progressione estremamente rapida che conduce al decesso o alla tracheostomia entro un anno dall'esordio dei sintomi. Questa popolazione è estremamente fragile e rappresenta una grande sfida anche per i medici esperti, poiché le loro condizioni peggiorano incessantemente prima che vengano eseguite le procedure di supporto. In questo studio ipotizziamo che i modulatori individuati sinora della progressione di malattia, tra cui l’infiammazione sistemica e del sistema nervoso, la composizione del microbiota e il profilo metabolico, possano interagire in modo anomalo accelerando il decorso della SLA soprattutto in questa specifica popolazione. Obiettivi Lo scopo del progetto è quello di caratterizzare profondamente con caratteristiche cliniche, neurofisiologiche, immunologiche e metaboliche una coorte di pazienti con SLA “catastrofica” rispetto ai pazienti con SLA “classica”. A questo scopo, i nostri obiettivi generali sono i seguenti: - Confrontare i profili immunitari e metabolici dei pazienti con SLA “catastrofica” e “classica”. - Decifrare l'intersezione immunologica-microbiota ottimale per prevedere la progressione della SLA come biomarcatori per la diagnosi e la prognosi nella SLA. Materiali e metodi Si tratta di uno studio prospettico monocentrico condotto presso il Centro SLA di riferimento situato a Modena, nel Nord Italia. Secondo la nostra popolazione prevalente, stimiamo di arruolare 60 pazienti, con un rapporto 1:3 (15 pazienti con SLA catastrofica vs 45 pazienti con SLA classica). Un'evoluzione “catastrofica” è stata definita sulla base della sopravvivenza <12 mesi dall'esordio o del tasso di progressione misurato dall’andamento ALSFRS-R di ≥ 3 punti/mese. I pazienti affetti da SLA verranno fenotipizzati in modo approfondito dal punto di vista clinico e neurofisiologico, e mediante analisi genetica come parte del processo diagnostico. I biomarcatori dell'infiammazione sistemica (incluso il rapporto neutrofili/linfociti, insieme a un ampio set di citochine e chemochine), i biomarcatori della microglia (come serpina1 e CHI3L1) e dei biomarcatori di danno neuronale (NSE e NF) vengono misurati su siero e liquor secondo la pratica clinica. I cambiamenti metabolici vengono esaminati dosando i metaboliti del colesterolo, gli aminoacidi e gli intermedi energetici. La risposta infiammatoria intestinale e la composizione del microbiota intestinale vengono valutate nei campioni fecali raccolti. I confronti tra i due gruppi saranno effettuati mediante regressione logistica e modelli di sopravvivenza. Risultati attesi Sulla base delle evidenze della letteratura, ci aspettiamo che nella SLA catastrofica la disregolazione della risposta infiammatoria, interagendo con il background metabolico e la composizione del microbiota, possa avere un impatto maggiore rispetto ai pazienti con una malattia più lenta. Il nostro obiettivo è stabilire una serie di caratteristiche immunologiche e metaboliche che consentano un'identificazione precoce di questo sottogruppo di pazienti, per un'accurata stratificazione per studi clinici e per una gestione tempestiva delle necessità dei pazienti. Infine, speriamo di individuare processi vulnerabili che potrebbero essere presi di mira per modulare la progressione della malattia.
Predittori clinici e biologici per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica: uno studio monocentrico / Ilaria Martinelli , 2024 Sep 27. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.
Predittori clinici e biologici per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica: uno studio monocentrico
MARTINELLI, ILARIA
2024
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by a wide range of clinical presentation, heterogeneous progression and variable survival, with some patients (called “catastrophic”, rated as < 10%) having an extremely deleterious progression leading to death or tracheostomy within one year from symptom onset. This population is extremely fragile, and represent a great challenge even for experienced clinicians, as their conditions relentlessly worsen before support procedures are carried out. We hypothesize that emerging modifiers of ALS progression including systemic and neurological inflammation, microbiota composition and metabolic profile, may aberrantly interact to precipitate ALS course especially in this specific population. Objectives The aim of the project is to deeply characterize with clinical, neurophysiological, immunological and metabolic signatures a cohort of “catastrophic” ALS patients with respect to “classical” ALS patients. For this purpose, our broad objectives are as follows: - To compare immune and metabolic profiles of “catastrophic” and “classical” ALS patient - To decipher optimal immunological-microbiota intersection to predict ALS progression as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis in ALS. Methods We conduct a prospective study at a single tertiary MND Center set in Modena, Northern Italy. According to our prevalent population, we estimate to enrol 60 patients, with a 1:3 ratio (15 catastrophic vs 45 classic ALS patients). A “catastrophic” evolution has been defined as based on survival <12 months from onset or on progression rate as measured by ALSFRS-R slope of ≥3 points/month. ALS patients will be deeply clinically and neurophysiologically phenotyped, applying techniques as EMG, MEPs, as well as 3T brain MRI and genetic analysis by NGS whenever collected as part of the diagnostic process. Systemic inflammation biomarkers (including neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, along with an extensive set of cytokines and chemokines), microglial (as serpinA1 and CHI3L1) and neuronal injury biomarkers (NSE and NF) are measured on sera and, whenever collected per clinical practice on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). Metabolic changes are examined by dosing cholesterol metabolites, amino acids and energy intermediates. Intestinal inflammatory response and gut microbiota composition are evaluated in fecal samples. Comparisons between the two groups will be performed by logistic regression and survival models. Expected results Based on literature evidence, we expect to find that in catastrophic ALS the dysregulation of the inflammatory response, talking with metabolic background and microbiota composition, would be more impactful compared to patients with a slower disease. We aim to establish a set of immunological and metabolic features allowing an early identification of this subset of patients, for accurate stratification for clinical trials and for timely management of patients need. Finally, we hope to individuate vulnerable processes that could be targeted to modulate disease progression.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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