The automotive industry increasingly recognizes the importance of human-machine interaction in enhancing the driving experience and improving driver safety. Human factors, such as drowsiness and attention deficits, play a primary role in safe driving. There are several research and commercial solutions to address these issues. However, they analyze vehicle behavior and are unable to assess the driver's state in a timely manner. A novel approach to this problem is to monitor the driver's physiological signals. In this context, Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technique that monitors cardiac activity and can provide information regarding the driver's state. This work introduces ANGELS, an embedded system that exploits PPG signals to monitor drivers in a non-invasive way. ANGELS is a low-cost and low-power system that can be integrated into the steering wheel of a car. It acquires and processes the driver's PPG signals in real-time and enables heart rate monitoring without requiring accelerometer data to remove motion artifacts. We perform an experimental assessment using the Maserati driving simulator. ANGELS features a mean absolute error on heart rate detection of 1.19 BPM with a latency of 10 s and power consumption of only 130 mW. These results demonstrate that it is a reliable and promising solution for improving driver safety.
ANGELS - Smart Steering Wheel for Driver Safety / Amidei, A., Rapa, P.M., Tagliavini, G., Rabbeni, R., Pavan, P., Benatti, S.. - (2023), pp. 15-20. (9th IEEE International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces, IWASI 2023 ita 2023) [10.1109/IWASI58316.2023.10164505].
ANGELS - Smart Steering Wheel for Driver Safety
Amidei A.;Tagliavini G.;Pavan P.;Benatti S.
2023
Abstract
The automotive industry increasingly recognizes the importance of human-machine interaction in enhancing the driving experience and improving driver safety. Human factors, such as drowsiness and attention deficits, play a primary role in safe driving. There are several research and commercial solutions to address these issues. However, they analyze vehicle behavior and are unable to assess the driver's state in a timely manner. A novel approach to this problem is to monitor the driver's physiological signals. In this context, Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technique that monitors cardiac activity and can provide information regarding the driver's state. This work introduces ANGELS, an embedded system that exploits PPG signals to monitor drivers in a non-invasive way. ANGELS is a low-cost and low-power system that can be integrated into the steering wheel of a car. It acquires and processes the driver's PPG signals in real-time and enables heart rate monitoring without requiring accelerometer data to remove motion artifacts. We perform an experimental assessment using the Maserati driving simulator. ANGELS features a mean absolute error on heart rate detection of 1.19 BPM with a latency of 10 s and power consumption of only 130 mW. These results demonstrate that it is a reliable and promising solution for improving driver safety.
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