Development and validation of the Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy (CVH) Scale

Working with a wide quota sample of the Italian adult population, surveyed in the 5th wave of the CoCo (Consequences of COVID-19) project (N = 1,143), we developed and validated the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy (CVH) Scale, composed of four 4-category items assessing participants’ attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Structural equations modelling showed that the CVH Scale is unidimensional and invariant across participants’ gender, age, area of residence, and perceived economic status. Moreover, the scale had good convergent validity. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the CVH Scale and potential avenues for further research.