Since ancient times, asbestos has been used for its outstanding technological properties such heat-resistance. Being a relatively cheap material, its use rapidly increased all over the world, especially from the 1940s, reaching a peak in the 1980s. A study conducted in the 1960s identified asbestos as a carcinogen that, following an incubation period of 20–50 years from the time of exposure, can cause malignancies like mesothelioma and asbestosis. Since the beginning of the 1980s, many countries have therefore started banning the production and the use of ACP, which by the time were still very much present in both private and public buildings. For these reasons, many communities are developing plans for an environmentally and sanitary safe removal and management of asbestos. Asbestos-containing wastes are usually disposed of in landfills, but this practice does not definitively eliminate the problems related with the release of asbestos fibers. Conflicts about sustainable land use, recycling, and closing material cycles persist. The LCA and LCC methodology was applied in order to evaluate the potential environmental and economic impacts of: mapping, encapsulation or remediation, collection and transportation, recycling or disposal of ACPs in theBassaReggiana municipalities. The main goal of this research project will be to integrate LCC with the financial and economic dimensions in order to make the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) a larger instrument not only to assess the environmental impact of asbestos but also to support decision-making processes at the economic level.This study will be to identify how to improve the existing system by, for example, focusing on mapping technologies and all the possible scenarios for ACPs remediation. Relatively to age and degradation status of the ACPs, this methodology will be used to compare encapsulation and remediation actions in order to identify which one has the lowest environmental and economic impact. Lastly, all stakeholders’ requests and expectations will be addressed, in order to gain complete knowledge of the system.Through a Life Cycle Thinking approach, this study will analyse some technological and plant-related aspects that have not been addressed so far.This need stems from a) inconsistent mapping methods of asbestos; b) high costs for MCA removal; c) knowledge gaps; d) shortage and uneven distribution of asbestos disposal and remediation plants. Given that any type of management choice related to asbestos can have a significant impact on the Italian national economic system, from infrastructuresand services to life quality, the managing of asbestos represents one of the most important and complex issues in the country.This project will address the complex issues related to asbestos in the theBassaReggiana municipalities by focusing on mapping, encapsulation and confinement or remediation, collection and recycling/disposal of asbestos-containing products (ACP). First, aerial multispectral images will be analysed together with low-altitude surveys, which will be performed with drones. The aim of this stage will be to map the presence of asbestos and its conservation status on the territory. Secondly, these results will be overlapped with the “regional technical map” (CTR, Carta TecnicaRegionale), in order to build a risk map to prioritize interventions. Lastly, based on the quantity and quality of the analysed ACPs, different types of remediation, such as confinement, encapsulation and removal, will be analysed and compared. The last part of the study will focus on storage and recycling/disposal of ACPs. Different technologies and different types of waste treatment plants will be analysed and then compared: waste disposal plants (landfills) and recycling plants (solidification and/or stabilization, chemical-physical treatments)
Il presente studio affronta il complesso tema dell’amianto, nei Comuni dell’Unione Bassa Reggiana (Boretto, Brescello, Gualtieri, Guastalla, Luzzara, Novellara, Poviglio, Reggiolo), ponendo particolare attenzione a: censimento (mappatura), incapsulamento-confinamento o bonifica, raccolta e recupero-smaltimento di manufatti contenenti amianto (MCA). La mappatura, il cui scopo sarà determinare la presenza e relativo stato di conservazione dell’amianto nel territorio, verrà eseguita utilizzando un insieme di tecniche di analisi che associano, attraverso algoritmi complessi, l’interpretazione di immagini aeree multi spettrali con i rilievi a bassa quota effettuati attraverso droni. Successivamente, attraverso una sovrapposizione con la CTR comunale, sarà possibile costruire una mappa di rischio per stabilire priorità ed ordine di intervento. In seguito, sulla base delle quantità e della qualità (friabile o compatto) degli MCA presi in considerazione, verranno analizzate e confrontate differenti modalità di bonifica: confinamento, incapsulamento e rimozione. Per piccoli quantitativi (fino a 30 mq di copertura, 3 metri di canne fumarie ecc) in matrice compatta le operazioni potranno essere svolte direttamente dal privato cittadino acquistando un KIT AMIANTO in ferramenta convenzionate mentre per grandi quantitativi (in matrice compatta) le operazioni dovranno essere svolte da ditte autorizzate e specializzate. L’amianto friabile, invece, deve essere sempre trattato da aziende specializzate. Per quanto riguarda la raccolta, e il successivo conferimento dei rifiuti negli impianti di trattamento, verrà confrontato il trasporto effettuato direttamente da personale S.a.ba.r. Servizi S.r.l. con propri mezzi con quanto effettuato da aziende autorizzate. In relazione allo stoccaggio e successivo smaltimento/recupero degli MCA, ultima parte del nostro studio, andremo ad approfondire e successivamente paragonare diverse soluzioni impiantistiche e tecnologiche, tra cui: impianti di smaltimento (discariche) situati nell’est della Germania e in Italia, impianti di recupero (cottura e/o inertizzazione, trattamenti chimico-fisico) e tecnologie per il trattamento in loco. La sostenibilità ambientale ed economica delle diverse fasi del progetto verranno valutate mediante scrupolose analisi LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) e LCC (Life Cycle Cost). Verranno inoltre identificate le principali rotte verso potenziali miglioramenti del sistema, agendo, ad esempio, sulla scelta della tecnologia utilizzata per la mappatura e sui possibili scenari del fine vita degli MCA. Il metodo sarà utilizzato per confrontare, in relazione all’età e allo stato di degradazione dell’MCA, azioni di bonifica o incapsulamento, al fine di stabilire quale tra i due determina il minore impatto ambientale ed economico. Verranno valutate infine le richieste e le aspettative di ogni stakeholder interessato, inserendole nel contesto del settore industriale, privato e pubblico, al fine di avere una visione completa del sistema. Il presente studio ha l'obiettivo di analizzare, secondo un approccio di Life Cyicle Thinking, in modo sperimentale alcuni aspetti tecnologici ed impiantistici che non sono stati ancora approfonditi fino ad oggi. L’obiettivo dello studio partendo da un contesto locale, quale è quello degli 8 Comuni delle bassa Reggiana, avrà l’obiettivo di creare, attraverso analisi LCA e LCC, un modello virtuoso che sia implementabile in un contesto italiano o Europeo. Questa esigenza deriva dalla: a)mancanza di omogeneità nei metodi di mappatura (censimento) dell’amianto b) dall’elevato costo di rimozione degli MCA c) mancanza di conoscenze sul tema d)dalla scarsità, ed disomogeneità, di impianti di smaltimento/recupero.
Valutazione dell’impatto ambientale ed economico di mappatura, bonifica e trattamento di Manufatti Contenenti Amianto (R.C.A) negli otto Comuni dell’Unione Bassa Reggiana / Simone Scarpellini , 2021 Apr 21. 33. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2019/2020.
Valutazione dell’impatto ambientale ed economico di mappatura, bonifica e trattamento di Manufatti Contenenti Amianto (R.C.A) negli otto Comuni dell’Unione Bassa Reggiana.
Scarpellini, Simone
2021
Abstract
Since ancient times, asbestos has been used for its outstanding technological properties such heat-resistance. Being a relatively cheap material, its use rapidly increased all over the world, especially from the 1940s, reaching a peak in the 1980s. A study conducted in the 1960s identified asbestos as a carcinogen that, following an incubation period of 20–50 years from the time of exposure, can cause malignancies like mesothelioma and asbestosis. Since the beginning of the 1980s, many countries have therefore started banning the production and the use of ACP, which by the time were still very much present in both private and public buildings. For these reasons, many communities are developing plans for an environmentally and sanitary safe removal and management of asbestos. Asbestos-containing wastes are usually disposed of in landfills, but this practice does not definitively eliminate the problems related with the release of asbestos fibers. Conflicts about sustainable land use, recycling, and closing material cycles persist. The LCA and LCC methodology was applied in order to evaluate the potential environmental and economic impacts of: mapping, encapsulation or remediation, collection and transportation, recycling or disposal of ACPs in theBassaReggiana municipalities. The main goal of this research project will be to integrate LCC with the financial and economic dimensions in order to make the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) a larger instrument not only to assess the environmental impact of asbestos but also to support decision-making processes at the economic level.This study will be to identify how to improve the existing system by, for example, focusing on mapping technologies and all the possible scenarios for ACPs remediation. Relatively to age and degradation status of the ACPs, this methodology will be used to compare encapsulation and remediation actions in order to identify which one has the lowest environmental and economic impact. Lastly, all stakeholders’ requests and expectations will be addressed, in order to gain complete knowledge of the system.Through a Life Cycle Thinking approach, this study will analyse some technological and plant-related aspects that have not been addressed so far.This need stems from a) inconsistent mapping methods of asbestos; b) high costs for MCA removal; c) knowledge gaps; d) shortage and uneven distribution of asbestos disposal and remediation plants. Given that any type of management choice related to asbestos can have a significant impact on the Italian national economic system, from infrastructuresand services to life quality, the managing of asbestos represents one of the most important and complex issues in the country.This project will address the complex issues related to asbestos in the theBassaReggiana municipalities by focusing on mapping, encapsulation and confinement or remediation, collection and recycling/disposal of asbestos-containing products (ACP). First, aerial multispectral images will be analysed together with low-altitude surveys, which will be performed with drones. The aim of this stage will be to map the presence of asbestos and its conservation status on the territory. Secondly, these results will be overlapped with the “regional technical map” (CTR, Carta TecnicaRegionale), in order to build a risk map to prioritize interventions. Lastly, based on the quantity and quality of the analysed ACPs, different types of remediation, such as confinement, encapsulation and removal, will be analysed and compared. The last part of the study will focus on storage and recycling/disposal of ACPs. Different technologies and different types of waste treatment plants will be analysed and then compared: waste disposal plants (landfills) and recycling plants (solidification and/or stabilization, chemical-physical treatments)File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi definitiva Simone Scarpellini.pdf
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