In the last decades, the increasing global environmental concern has lead industry and scientific academia to focus in new eco-friendly and renewable processes, materials and systems. Considering the plastics sector, biodegradable and bio-based polymers have gained a great attention as promising solutions to solve or reduce the crude oil dependence and/or the plastic pollution issues. By the way, these natural polymers still cover restricted portion of the market because of both their higher prices and the lack of knowledge, if compared with classical petrochemical polymers. Therefore, from an overall point of view, the present dissertation should be seen as a detailed part of a broader context in which it is attempted to bridge the maturity gap between the concepts of petrochemical and bio-refineries and to promote their progressive switch in large-scale by the contribution of new ideas, results and know-hows. Going into details, the present work has investigated the possibility to valorize the agro-industrial wastes derived from the wine companies within different polymers and biopolymers through several approaches. Two apparently distinct processes as plastic and winemaking have been put in contact, offering new suitable products able to solve at the same time the green materials necessity and the agro-wastes disposal problems in accordance with the principles of sustainability, circular economy, renewability and low environmental footprint. Different solid wine wastes have been collected, characterized and exploited in different ways depending on their evaluated properties and potentiality. Generally, wastes rich in polyphenols and/or their extracts have been tested as natural stabilizers within Polypropylene (PP), Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Poly(butylene Succinate) (PBS) investigating the response of the bio-stabilizers to short and long-terms degradation (thermal and/or UV) as well as to biodegradation in different environments. At the same time, wastes with high inorganic or lignocellulosic fractions have been studied as reinforcement cost-effective natural fillers within Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Poly(butylene Succinate) (PBS), Polyamide 11 (PA11) and Poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Bio-composites have been mainly investigated from a thermal, mechanical and rheological point of view, exploiting also micro-mechanics models to deeper understand the effect of the wine-derived fillers on the biopolymers properties. Finally, steps to directly synthesise scl-Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) starting from wine wastes as substrate have been also partially discussed. Each treated topic has been handled from a theoretical and experimental point of view in order to model and control the behaviour of these new wine-based materials and simultaneously, economical essays have been carried out in order to point out the concrete feasibility to transfer these wine-based materials to large-scale apparatuses.

Negli ultimi decenni, a causa della sempre maggiore e più diffusa preoccupazione ambientale, l’industria e la ricerca scientifica si sono concentrati sullo sviluppo di nuovi processi, materiali e sistemi meno impattanti. Così, nel mondo della plastica, i polimeri da fonte rinnovabile (bio-based) e/o quelli biodegradabili hanno guadagnato una grande attenzione in quanto promettenti soluzioni per la risoluzione o riduzione della dipendenza dal petrolio e/o dell’inquinamento della plastica. Tuttavia questi nuovi polimeri naturali coprono ad oggi solo ristrette porzioni di mercato in quanto più costosi e meno conosciuti in termini di know-how rispetto ai polimeri convenzionali di origine petrolchimica. Quindi, da un punto di vista globale più ampio, la presente dissertazione deve essere vista come un capitolo facente parte di un insieme collettivo di più ricerche animate dal fine condiviso di favorire la bio-raffineria in larga scala a scapito della raffineria petrolchimica, ricucendo il loro gap di competenze tramite l’apporto di nuove idee e risultati. Entrando nel vivo degli argomenti, il presente lavoro ha investigato la possibilità di valorizzare gli scarti agro-industriali provenienti dalle cantine vitivinicole nel mondo dei polimeri e biopolimeri secondo diversi approcci. In tal modo, mettendo in contatto due mondi apparentemente separati come quelli della plastica e del vino, si è sia reso possibile lo sviluppo di nuovi materiali eco-friendly che fornite nuove soluzioni per lo smaltimento dei rifiuti della lavorazione del vino, in linea con quanto voluto dalle nuove politiche di sostenibilità, rinnovabilità ed economia circolare. Diversi sottoprodotti vitivinicoli sono stati campionati, caratterizzati e sfruttati a seconda delle loro proprietà e potenzialità. In genere, gli scarti ricchi di polifenoli e/o i loro estratti sono stati testati come stabilizzanti naturali all’interno del Polipropilene (PP), del Poli(idrossibutirrato) (PHB) e del Poli(butilene succinato) (PBS), investigando la risposta dei bio-stabilizzanti sia alla degradazione a breve e lungo termine (termica e/o da UV) che alla biodegradazione in diversi ambienti. Parallelamente, gli scarti lignocellulosici o con frazioni importanti di materiale inorganico sono stati studiati come filler naturali rinforzanti a basso costo all’interno del Poli(idrossibutirrato) (PHB), Poli(idrossibutirrato-co-idrossiesanoato) (PHBH), Poli(idrossibutirrato-co-idrossivalerato) (PHBV), Poli(butilene succinato) (PBS), Poliammide 11 (PA11) e del Poli(acido lattico) (PLA). I bio-compositi sono stati investigati da un punto di vista termico, meccanico e reologico, sfruttando anche modelli micromeccanici per la comprensione dell’effetto del filler vitivinicolo sulle proprietà dei biopolimeri. Infine, gli step necessari per sintetizzare direttamente i Poli(idrossialcanoati) (PHAs) a catena corta (-scl) utilizzando gli scarti vitivinicoli come substrato di fermentazioni sono stati parzialmente discussi. Ogni argomento è stato trattato da un punto di vista sia teorico che sperimentale in modo tale da modellare, comprendere e controllare il comportamento dei nuovi materiali che, nello stesso tempo, sono stati anche oggetti di valutazioni economiche per la fattibilità del loro trasferimento in larga scala.

Progettazioni di plastiche derivanti dal vino: scarti vitivinicoli come substrato di sintesi, additivi e fillers per differenti polimeri e biopolimeri / Alessandro Nanni , 2020 Mar 10. 32. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2018/2019.

Progettazioni di plastiche derivanti dal vino: scarti vitivinicoli come substrato di sintesi, additivi e fillers per differenti polimeri e biopolimeri.

NANNI, ALESSANDRO
2020

Abstract

In the last decades, the increasing global environmental concern has lead industry and scientific academia to focus in new eco-friendly and renewable processes, materials and systems. Considering the plastics sector, biodegradable and bio-based polymers have gained a great attention as promising solutions to solve or reduce the crude oil dependence and/or the plastic pollution issues. By the way, these natural polymers still cover restricted portion of the market because of both their higher prices and the lack of knowledge, if compared with classical petrochemical polymers. Therefore, from an overall point of view, the present dissertation should be seen as a detailed part of a broader context in which it is attempted to bridge the maturity gap between the concepts of petrochemical and bio-refineries and to promote their progressive switch in large-scale by the contribution of new ideas, results and know-hows. Going into details, the present work has investigated the possibility to valorize the agro-industrial wastes derived from the wine companies within different polymers and biopolymers through several approaches. Two apparently distinct processes as plastic and winemaking have been put in contact, offering new suitable products able to solve at the same time the green materials necessity and the agro-wastes disposal problems in accordance with the principles of sustainability, circular economy, renewability and low environmental footprint. Different solid wine wastes have been collected, characterized and exploited in different ways depending on their evaluated properties and potentiality. Generally, wastes rich in polyphenols and/or their extracts have been tested as natural stabilizers within Polypropylene (PP), Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Poly(butylene Succinate) (PBS) investigating the response of the bio-stabilizers to short and long-terms degradation (thermal and/or UV) as well as to biodegradation in different environments. At the same time, wastes with high inorganic or lignocellulosic fractions have been studied as reinforcement cost-effective natural fillers within Poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Poly(butylene Succinate) (PBS), Polyamide 11 (PA11) and Poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Bio-composites have been mainly investigated from a thermal, mechanical and rheological point of view, exploiting also micro-mechanics models to deeper understand the effect of the wine-derived fillers on the biopolymers properties. Finally, steps to directly synthesise scl-Poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) starting from wine wastes as substrate have been also partially discussed. Each treated topic has been handled from a theoretical and experimental point of view in order to model and control the behaviour of these new wine-based materials and simultaneously, economical essays have been carried out in order to point out the concrete feasibility to transfer these wine-based materials to large-scale apparatuses.
A route to fully wine-derived plastics: wine wastes as source, additives and fillers for different polymers and biopolymers.
10-mar-2020
MESSORI, Massimo
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1200770
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