Long-term functional results after surgical treatment of parapneumonic thoracic empyema.

Retrospective evaluation of long-term functional results of surgical treatment of chronic pleural empyema. Two different surgical procedures (debridement vs. decortication) and approaches (VATS vs. thoracotomy) were analyzed. Three end-points were considered: short-term surgical results, short- and long-term radiological results, clinico-functional long-term results. Fifty-one debridement (52\% VATS, 48\% thoracotomy) and 68 decortication were performed. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 1.5\% and 24\%, respectively. Older age (>70 years old) had worse postoperative morbidity (P=0.048). Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) debridement had lower postoperative hospital stay (P=0.006) and shorter duration of chest drainage (P=0.006). The infectious process was resolved in all patients. All patients presented a postoperative radiological improvement, 63 patients (60\%) with a complete pulmonary re-expansion. Sixty patients (58\%) referred a complete respiratory recovery. VATS debridement had a greater improvement in subjective dyspnea degree (P=0.041). The long-term spirometric evaluation was normal in 58 patients (56\%). Age >70 years old resulted the only variable associated to poor long-term results (FEV(1)\% < 60\% and/or MRC grade > or = 2) at multivariate analysis. Surgical treatment of pleural empyema achieves excellent long-term respiratory outcomes. VATS is associated to less postoperative mortality and shorter postoperative hospital stay. In elderly patients, postoperative morbidity could be higher and long-term functional improvement less warranted.