Wind-hydrogen energy stand-alone system with carbon storage: Modeling and simulation

A wind-hydrogen hybrid system with carbon physisorption storage has been developed and implemented within a dynamic model-based software environment. Numerical simulations have been applied to synthetic and real data to evaluate its operations and performance over a 6-month period. Hydrogen is yielded by electrolysis with energy converted from wind, and load is powered either by direct turbine connection, by battery or a fuelcell. Surplus hydrogen is stored by physisorption in a cluster of nitrogen-cooled tanks filled with activated carbons. Physisorption has been modeled after the Ono-Kondo isotherm from laboratory data available in literature. The operating cycle is composed of four transformations: isobar pre-charging at 0.1MPa, isothermal charging at 77K, isobar pre-discharging at 6 MPa, and isothermal discharging at 153K. From our simulation runs, the system can operate as stand-alonegranting total independence from the grid. The storage system has good gravimetric and volumetric capacity(10.8%and 32.5g/l at 6 MPa). Overall system efficiency is estimated to be around 10%. Hydrogen physisorption on carbon seems a potentially feasible storage technique for hydrogen with tanks that are compact and safe, hence apt for stationary and some non-stationary applications.