Environmental conditions in addition to divalent cations may affect the interactionsbetween pathogens and insects. Elucidation of factors which modulate insectimmune responses could be a significant part of investigations in this area. In thisstudy, adults of Eurygaster integriceps, as the destructive pest of wheat, were keptat different temperatures in addition to injection with different concentrations ofCa2+ to find the effect on cellular immune reactions against Beauveria bassiana.Results showed that total and differentiate hemocyte numbers, nodule formationand phenoloxidase activity increased with elevation of temperature so that thehigher values were obtained at 30 and 40°C at various intervals. Higher concentrationsof Ca2+ ion (5 mM) caused an increase in plasmatocyte length and widthespecially after 60 min. Similar results were observed for nodule formation andphenoloxidase activity of E. integriceps adults after injection by B. bassiana sporesand phenoloxidase activity. It is clear from the current study that thermoregulationand Ca2+ ion can positively affect the hemocyte numbers especially plasmatocytesand granulocytes, nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity in E. integriceps.The understanding of modulators of the insect immune response may directlyinfluence novel approaches to obtain safe and effective biological control agents.
Temperature and Ca2+ ion as modulators in cellular immunity of the Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) / A., Zibaee; A. R., Bandani; R., Talaei Hassanlouei; Malagoli, Davide. - In: ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH. - ISSN 1738-2297. - ELETTRONICO. - 39:6(2009), pp. 364-371. [10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00251.x]
Temperature and Ca2+ ion as modulators in cellular immunity of the Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
MALAGOLI, Davide
2009
Abstract
Environmental conditions in addition to divalent cations may affect the interactionsbetween pathogens and insects. Elucidation of factors which modulate insectimmune responses could be a significant part of investigations in this area. In thisstudy, adults of Eurygaster integriceps, as the destructive pest of wheat, were keptat different temperatures in addition to injection with different concentrations ofCa2+ to find the effect on cellular immune reactions against Beauveria bassiana.Results showed that total and differentiate hemocyte numbers, nodule formationand phenoloxidase activity increased with elevation of temperature so that thehigher values were obtained at 30 and 40°C at various intervals. Higher concentrationsof Ca2+ ion (5 mM) caused an increase in plasmatocyte length and widthespecially after 60 min. Similar results were observed for nodule formation andphenoloxidase activity of E. integriceps adults after injection by B. bassiana sporesand phenoloxidase activity. It is clear from the current study that thermoregulationand Ca2+ ion can positively affect the hemocyte numbers especially plasmatocytesand granulocytes, nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity in E. integriceps.The understanding of modulators of the insect immune response may directlyinfluence novel approaches to obtain safe and effective biological control agents.
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