An outstanding aspect of pharmaceutical nanotechnology lies in the characterization of nanocarriers for targeting of drugs and other bioactive agents. The developments of the microscopical techniques allow to deepen the study of the surface and the architecture of the systems. In the field of the pharmaceutical nanosystems, the researchers pay special attention to the microscopy characterization of liposomes owing to the vital information on size, stability and bilayer organization. Therefore, this paper aims to compare the results obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in order to pointed out limits and advantages of these applications in the evaluation of the vesicular systems. Besides the comparative aim, the work aspires to propose a simple CLSM procedure to rapidly and easily detect the liposomal membrane.
AFM, ESEM, TEM and CLSM in liposomal characterization: a comparative study / Ruozi, Barbara; Belletti, Daniela; Tombesi, Andrea; Tosi, Giovanni; Bondioli, Lucia; Forni, Flavio; Vandelli, Maria Angela. - In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE. - ISSN 1176-9114. - STAMPA. - 6:(2011), pp. 557-563. [10.2147/IJN.S14615]
AFM, ESEM, TEM and CLSM in liposomal characterization: a comparative study
RUOZI, Barbara;BELLETTI, Daniela;TOMBESI, Andrea;TOSI, Giovanni;BONDIOLI, Lucia;FORNI, Flavio;VANDELLI, Maria Angela
2011
Abstract
An outstanding aspect of pharmaceutical nanotechnology lies in the characterization of nanocarriers for targeting of drugs and other bioactive agents. The developments of the microscopical techniques allow to deepen the study of the surface and the architecture of the systems. In the field of the pharmaceutical nanosystems, the researchers pay special attention to the microscopy characterization of liposomes owing to the vital information on size, stability and bilayer organization. Therefore, this paper aims to compare the results obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in order to pointed out limits and advantages of these applications in the evaluation of the vesicular systems. Besides the comparative aim, the work aspires to propose a simple CLSM procedure to rapidly and easily detect the liposomal membrane.
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