The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of interleukin-1beta; (IL-1beta), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma;) in a series of patients with "mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C virus chronic infection" (MC+HCV) in the presence or absence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) and to relate them to the clinical phenotype of these patients. Serum IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and CXCL10 were assayed in 30 patients with MC+HCV without AT, in 30 patients with MC+HCV and AT, and in 30 sex- and age-matched controls. Cryoglobulinemic patients showed significantly higher mean IL-1beta; and CXCL10 levels than controls (P<0.01). Moreover, CXCL10 was significantly increased in patients with AT patients with respect to those without AT (P<0.01). Serum IFN-gamma; levels were not significantly higher in MC+HCV patients than in controls. In conclusion, our study demonstrates significantly high serum levels of IL-1beta; in patients with MC+HCV with and without AT compared with healthy controls. Further, significantly high serum levels of CXCL10 in patients with MC+HCV compared with healthy controls were confirmed, overall in the presence of AT. Moreover, a pathophysiological association between high circulating levels of IL-1beta; and CXCL10 has been suggested. A possible therapeutic role of the anti-IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra) in MC remains to be evaluated.

Interleukin-1beta, C-X-C Motif Ligand 10, and Interferon-Gamma Serum Levels in Mixed Cryoglobulinemia With or Without Autoimmune Thyroiditis / A., Antonelli; Ferri, Clodoveo; Ferrari, Silvia Martina; S., De Marco; A., Di Domenicantonio; M., Centanni; C., Pupilli; Villa, Erica; F., Menichetti; P., Fallahi. - In: JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH. - ISSN 1079-9907. - ELETTRONICO. - 30(2010), pp. 835-842.

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