Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure are recognized risk factors of term SGA: the aim of this study was to assess the strength of the relationship between these factors in a wide sample of Italian pregnant women.Methods: A case control study was carried out in Italy during October 1999 and September 2000 in nine Italian cities. Singleton children born 37th week weighted under the lowest 10th percentile were considered as cases, while controls were enrolled among singleton babies weighted 10th percentile born in the same hospitals within a few days after the case delivery. A total of 345 cases and 855 controls were considered. A previously validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess exposure.Results: The prevalence of active smoking during pregnancy was 14.8% among controls and 28.6% among cases. ETS exposure (yes/no) during pregnancy was reported in 34.7% of controls and 41.5% of cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out adjusting for gender, previous SGA babies, coffee consumption. Active smoking during pregnancy shows an adjusted OR = 2.12 (95%CI: 1.54-2.92), with a dose response according to the number of cigarettes/day (none, less than 10 and 10: adjusted ORs: 1.95 and 2.57 respectively). ETS exposure and term SGA on the whole, regardless of smoking status, show an adjusted OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 0.97-1.66; when there are two or more smokers at home, the risk value is 2.49 (95%CI: 1.33-4.64). When classifying considering active smoking, smoking habits before pregnancy and ETS exposure (both no active smoking before and during pregnancy and no ETS exposure as referent) non-smoker women exposed to ETS show an adjusted OR of 1.32 (95%CI: 0.92-2.89). In active smokers, the association is very similar between subjects with and without ETS exposure (adjusted ORs = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.42-3.16 and 1.96, 95%CI: 1.17-3.26).Discussion: This study confirms the strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and term SGA. ETS exposure in active smokers does not increase the risk, while in non-smokers there is a slight but non-significant association
Active smoking and environmental tabacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pregnancy and small for gestational age at term (term SGA): a multicentric italian study / Aggazzotti, Gabriella; Fantuzzi, Guglielmina; Righi, Elena; S., Kanitz; F., Barbone; G., Sansebastiano; M. A., Battaglia; V., Leoni; L., Fabiani; M., Triassi; S., Sciacca. - In: EPIDEMIOLOGY. - ISSN 1044-3983. - STAMPA. - 16:5(2005), pp. S31-S32. (Intervento presentato al convegno 17TH Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) - Sustaining world health through environmental epidemiology: setting a new global research agenda tenutosi a South Africa nel 13-16 September) [10.1097/00001648-200509000-00065].
Active smoking and environmental tabacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pregnancy and small for gestational age at term (term SGA): a multicentric italian study
AGGAZZOTTI, Gabriella;FANTUZZI, Guglielmina;RIGHI, Elena;
2005
Abstract
Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy and ETS exposure are recognized risk factors of term SGA: the aim of this study was to assess the strength of the relationship between these factors in a wide sample of Italian pregnant women.Methods: A case control study was carried out in Italy during October 1999 and September 2000 in nine Italian cities. Singleton children born 37th week weighted under the lowest 10th percentile were considered as cases, while controls were enrolled among singleton babies weighted 10th percentile born in the same hospitals within a few days after the case delivery. A total of 345 cases and 855 controls were considered. A previously validated self-administered questionnaire was used to assess exposure.Results: The prevalence of active smoking during pregnancy was 14.8% among controls and 28.6% among cases. ETS exposure (yes/no) during pregnancy was reported in 34.7% of controls and 41.5% of cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out adjusting for gender, previous SGA babies, coffee consumption. Active smoking during pregnancy shows an adjusted OR = 2.12 (95%CI: 1.54-2.92), with a dose response according to the number of cigarettes/day (none, less than 10 and 10: adjusted ORs: 1.95 and 2.57 respectively). ETS exposure and term SGA on the whole, regardless of smoking status, show an adjusted OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 0.97-1.66; when there are two or more smokers at home, the risk value is 2.49 (95%CI: 1.33-4.64). When classifying considering active smoking, smoking habits before pregnancy and ETS exposure (both no active smoking before and during pregnancy and no ETS exposure as referent) non-smoker women exposed to ETS show an adjusted OR of 1.32 (95%CI: 0.92-2.89). In active smokers, the association is very similar between subjects with and without ETS exposure (adjusted ORs = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.42-3.16 and 1.96, 95%CI: 1.17-3.26).Discussion: This study confirms the strong association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and term SGA. ETS exposure in active smokers does not increase the risk, while in non-smokers there is a slight but non-significant association
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