Synthetic Review and geological framework of the main lucinid deposits (Italy).

SYNTHETIC REVIEW AND GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE MAIN LUCINID DEPOSITS (ITALY)S. CONTI##Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Modena, Largo S. Eufemia 19, 41100 Modena (sconti@unimo.it)INTRODUCTIONThe main italian lucinid deposits, as reported from the geological literature, have been studied and, in many cases, reinterpreted in the field. The results are summarized in the following list. The outcrop localities have been differentiated on the base of various elements: 1) tectonofacies, 2) geographic position, 3) stratigraphy, 4) sedimentology, 5) faunal assemblage, 6) evidences of reworking.Key: In the following format type are indicated the outcrops, sometimes as reported from the literature, found by the author in the field. In many cases the same locality was reported under different names.The term "Lithology" refers to lucinid deposits, whereas "stratigraphy" refers to the sediments embedding lucinid deposits or isolated lucinid valves. "Bibliography" does not include all the papers reported in the “References of the italian lucinid deposits”.PIEDMONT BASINS(TORINO, MONFERRATO, LANGHE HILLS AND PAVIA FOOTHILLS) MARMORITO AND “LUCINA LIMESTONES”Location- Marmorito di Passorano (Cascina Galè, Cascina Fabiasco).Lithology- cream to light brown marly limestones blocks packed with lucinid remains (both articulated and disarticulated shells).Fossil assemblage- planktonic and subordinate benthic foraminifers, echinoid spines, serpulid tubes, gastropods, bivalvs (Anodontia dicomani), solitary and colonial corals, ostracods, bryozoans, fish remains, scaphopods.Stratigraphy- Marmorito and “Lucina Limestones” (late Tortonian?).Reference map- CTR 157090 Cocconato.Geological notes- the original geological framework is lost for poor exposure, lucinids probably enclosed in mudstones; methane-derived autigenic carbonates. POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: ?Bibliography- CLARI et al. (1988), CLARI et al. (1994), CLARI & MARTIRE (1995).S. AGATA FOSSIL MARLS 1)Portalbera (Pavia oltrepo’). Lithology- marly-calcareous blocks.Fossil assemblage- Lucina globulosa.Stratigraphy- S. Cipriano Po Formation (late Tortonian-early Messinian ?), correlable to the epiligurian deposits?.Reference map- Geological Sheet 59 Pavia.Geological notes- geological framework not known because of the poor exposure. POSITION: Primary? ENVIRONMENT: ?Bibliography- TARAMELLI (1882), SACCO (1891, 1929), PATRINI (1916), BONI (1967).2) Serravalle Scrivia = Carezzano near Fontana (Pavia area), 3) Monticello d'Alba (Roero), 4) Villa Majolo NW of Chieri (Monferrato hill). Fossil assemblage- hundred of species (see bibliography).Stratigraphy- S. Agata Fossil Marls (Tortonian).Reference map- Geological Sheet 70 Alessandria and Geological Sheet 56 Torino.Geological notes- Lucinids as not abundant specimens associated with a numerous high diversity fauna.POSITION: Primary. ENVIRONMENT: outer shelfBibliography- MAYER (1877), SACCO (1899), AUDENINO (1902), NELLI (1903), CAVALLO & REPETTO (1992).SERRAVALLE SANDSTONESRivanazzano e Cappella Montà (Moma), Nazzano hills between S. Antonino and Madonna del Monte (Pavia foothills). Lithology- marly calcareous bodies packed with big lucinids.Fossil assemblage- Lucina doderleini, Amussium denudatum.Stratigraphy- at the top of the Serravalle Sandstones (late Serravallian).Reference map- Geological Sheet 71 Voghera.Geological notes- Lucinid bodies enclosed in mudstones. The faunal association is characterised by low diversity and abundant fauna.POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: inner, outer shelf. Bibliography- TARAMELLI (1882), SACCO (1891,1929), BELLINZONA et al. (1971), DESIO (1973).BALDISSERO FORMATIONBetween Pino Torinese and Pecetto north of Chieri, Superga, Baldissero, Sciolze, Cornaro, Albugnano, Bersano, S. Pietro delle Langhe, La-Moja di Montaldo Torinese, S. Defendente (Tagliolo), S. Mauro Torinese.Lithology- arenaceous calcarenites with red calcareous algae and big isolated lucinid shells, arenaceous siltstones with sparse lucinids.Fossil assemblage- Spirulirostra Bellardii, Sepia sepulta, Aturia aturi, Balantium pedemontanum, B. sinuosum, B. multicostatum, B. sulcosum, B. calix, Vaginella calandrellii, Trophon sculptus, Pollia affinis, P. granifera, Clavella brevicaudata, Ranella marginata, Drillia otusangula, D. cerithioidea, D. crebristriata, D. crispata, Clavatula inedita, Oligotoma pannua, O. ornata, Phos citharella, Nassa tessellata, N. intercisa, N. badensis, N. taurinurum, Purpura arata, Porphyria cylindracea, Ancillarina suturalis, Ancillaria glandiformis, Mitra laxesulcata, M. eofusiformis, M. adsita, Columbella scalaris, C. borsonii, C. compta, Haustator desmarestinus, Aequipecten scrabrellus, Lucina globulosa (L. pomum), Tauriniocrinuus gastaldi). Stratigraphy- at the top of the Baldissero Formation (late Serravallian).Reference map- CTR 156120 Mocucco Torinese, CTR 156110 Montaldo Torinese, CTR 157090 Cocconato, CTR 156100 Superga, CTR 156140 Chieri.Geological notes- Lucinid deposits probably crop out in two different stratigraphic levels. Lucinids as not abundant specimens associated with a numerous high diversity fauna.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: inner slope ?.Bibliography- MAYER (1877), COPPI (1877), GIOLI (1887), SACCO (1889), DI ROVASENDA (1892), DE ALESSANDRI (1897), TRABUCCO (1900b), NELLI (1903), BELLINI (1905), PREVER (1907), FERRERO (1909), BONSIGNORE et al. (1969).Other reports without a precise localisation: Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna (inner shelf) are reported in the Pietra da Cantoni del Casalese (DE ALESSANDRI, 1897; SACCO 1935), the Acqui Limestone (TRABUCCO, 1898).CREMOLINO FORMATION1) near Mt. Colma di Rossiglione (Stura valley near Ovada), Carcare; 2) Villaforzano; 3) Tremolino = (Cremolino) at the quarry near the graveyard, Santa Giustina, Sassello, Mioglia, Pareto, Tagliolo Monferrato.Stratigraphy- Cremolino Formation (Aquitanian-Burdigalian).Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens in primary position ? or in resedimented beds (secondary position) ?Bibliography- MAYER (1877), DE STEFANI (1880, 1881a, 1887b, 1891), (TRABUCCO (1891, 1898b), ROVERETO (1900), DI STEFANO (1903), NELLI (1903).SATELLITE BASINSEpiligurian SequenceTermina FormationBOLOGNA FOOTHILLS LOCALITIESHILLS BETWEEN THE RENO AND THE LAVINO RIVERS: Boeria del Santagata, Ducentola, Carbonara on the road from Tizzano towards Mt. Capra (near Mt. della Rocca), 200 m. north of Ponte Rivabella (Lavino riverbed). Lithology- marly-limestones, micritic limestones marls and brecciated limestones in sparse and numerous lens-like bodies gradually passing to surrounding sediments (marly mudstones). Lenses very rich in articulated, often in situ, bivalvs (chiefly lucinids).Fossil assemblage- Lucina pomum, Cardium sp., Lutraria sp., Ostrea sp.Stratigraphy- Termina Marls (Tortonian for Carbonara), (late Tortonian -Globorotalia acostaensis e G. conomiozea Zones, for the other localities).Reference map- CTR - Sez. 220110 Zola predosa, Geological Sheet 87 Bologna.Geological notes- The faunal association is characterized by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: Primary. ENVIRONMENT: Outer shelf, inner slope.Bibliography- MANZONI (1876b, 1880a, b), BOMBICCI (1881), DI STEFANO (1903), TERZI (1993), RICCI LUCCHI & VAI (1994), CONTI et al. (1994), CONTI et al. (1996).MARECCHIA VALLEY1) San Marino, southern side of the cliff.Lithology- poorly cemented fossiliferous sandstones.Fossil assemblage- Ostrea sp., Pecten sp., Cardium sp., Lucina multilamellata, Donax sp., Thracia sp., Tellina planata, Buccinum sp., Murex sp.Stratigraphy- Acquaviva Formation (Late Tortonian-early Messinian).Reference map- IGM 108 I NE S. Marino.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a high diversity fauna. POSITION: Primary. ENVIRONMENT: inner shelf.Bibliography- MANZONI (1873a, b), FUCHS (1875), SCARABELLI (1880).. 2) Case del Gesso di Secchiano.Lithology- grey fossiliferous mudstones. Fossil assemblage- several species (see bibliography).Stratigraphy- Casa i Gessi Clays (early Messinian).Reference map- IGM 108 I NO Montegelli.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: outer shelf.Bibliography- (PRINCIPI 1939b, c).PARMA FOOTHILLS LOCALITIES1) left slope of the Torre di Traversetolo Stream, below Case la Costa.Lithology- marly limestones, brecciated micritic limestones, sometimes crowded with articulated lucinids.Fossil assemblage- Aturia aturi, Lucina globulosa.Stratigraphy- Termina Marls (late Serravallian).Reference map- CTR - Sez.200130 Traversetolo.Geological notes- Type locality of the Termina Formation. Carbonate bodies with a progressive lateral transition to pelitic marls. the faunal association is charaterised by low diversity. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates. POSITION: Primary. ENVIRONMENT: correlable to Modena and Bologna areas.Bibliography- ANELLI (1915), CONTI et al. (1996).2) Cinghio Stream (S. Ilario di Baganza) near Case Cuccarello.Outcrop description- Pteropod pelitic marls passing towards the top to siltitic and arenaceous marls intercalated with folliferous calcarenitic levels. Fossil assemblage- Lunulites sp., Turritella subangulata, Vermetus clathratoides, Sigaretus clathratus, Galeodea echinophora, Ficula condita, Nassa costulata, Aequipecten opercularis, Lucina globulosa, Corbula gibba, Teredo norvegica, Caryophyllia prelongia, Trochocyathus mitratus, Ceratotrochus duodecimcostatus, Flabellum sp., Pteropods.Stratigraphy- Termina Marls (early Tortonian).Reference map- IGM 85 I NO Langhirano.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna. POSITION: Primary. ENVIRONMENT: slope with a depth > 400-500 m.Bibliography- ANELLI (1913). MODENA FOOTHILLS LOCALITIES1) MONTEGIBBIO (Montebiancano, Montebiancone): along the Serra Stream near the Pozzi Petrolio of Case Pozzo d'Olio, the Vigne along the path of Ca del Chierico (the muletrack going down to the Vigne from the depression located between the hill of the Montegibbio Castle and that one of Ca del Chierico), along the Bizzocchi Stream by S. Michele dei Mucchietti, east and west of the St. Michele dei Mucchietti Castle, Torrano above the Borrazze Stream.2) MONTEBARANZONE: Urbana Valley = Il Poggio di Montebaranzone (Cervarola) = badlands between Sogliano and Bompanaro = steep slopes of the stream going down to the Urbana Valley = between the hills of Casara (Casale) and Cervarola = Sarsetta,right slope of the Urbana Valley, below the path going to the Cervarola from Montebaranzone, 300 m south of the previous locality near the bend of the path going to Pianazza from Montebaranzone, a spur 365 m above sea level NE-ENE of Volpogno, two blocks located at 6-700 m NW of Montebaranzone, west and south of the church of Montebaranzone, by Mt. Scisso (the path running to Montebaranzone through the Braide, western branch of the Chianca (Cianca) Stream near Ominano, slopes underlying Casara. 3) MONTARDONE: Rocca S. Maria di Montardone (Rock of the witches) = southern margin of the flat top of the hill located 900 m SW of Rocca S. Maria = 4 big blocks near the Spezzano Stream, the pond near the stream going down from Montardone = right slope of the Spezzano Stream 1 km WSW of Rocca S. Maria near the confluence of the Montardone Stream, east and north of Poggio Andreotti (the hill 500 m above sea level E of Rocca S. Maria), NW of the confluence of the Pratofiore Stream, 100 m NNE of Montardone along the castle muletrack = the rock projection below the Montardone Castle = north of Montardone. 4) W of Densano (Fosso Pasticcio)Lithology- biomicritic marly calcareous and calcarenitic lenses or column-like bodies (thickness ranging from 50 cm to 20-25 m) crowded with articulated lucinids. Carbonate breccias with disarticulated bivalves. Marly limestones usually crowded with articulated, often in situ, bivalves (chiefly lucinids), whereas calcarenites with rare fossils. Fossil assemblage- Lucina hornesii, L. delbosii (=pomum =appenninica), Cypraea amygdalum, Fusus glomus, F. rostratus, Modiola subcarinata, Ostrea pusilla, Vermetus intortus, Ranella reticulata, Trochus rotelaris, T. magus, Petricula lithophaga.Stratigraphy- Termina Marls (late Serravallian). Geological notes- Lucinid bodies gradually passing to surrounding sediments (marly mudstones) and sometimes (at their base) associated with Ligurian calcareous breccias bearing rare disarticulated lucinids. the faunal association is characterized by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: primary except for the breccias (secondary). ENVIRONMENT: Outer shelf, inner slope.Reference map- IGM 86 II NE Levizzano, IGM 86 II NO Serramazzoni, IGM 86 I SO Sassuolo.Bibliography- DODERLEIN (1862, 1872), STOHR (1869), COPPI (1869, 1877, 1884, 1886), MAZZETTI (1874), BIANCONI (1877), FERRETTI (1879a, b), MALAGOLI (1886a, b, 1890), PANTANELLI (1886a, b), DE STEFANI (1887, 1900), NELLI (1903), DI STEFANO (1903), FOSSA MANCINI,(1924), MONTANARO (1929a, b, c), LANDI (1930), MORESCHI (1930), ANELLI (1935), DIECI (1959), DIECI & RUSSO (1964), RUSSO (1968), DAVOLI (1972, 1976, 1977, 1982), CONTI et al. (1994), CONTI et al. (1996). Bismantova GroupPARMA APENNINE1) Fosso Bottazzo = from Rusino to Bottazzo (between Moragnano and Rusino).Lithology- carbonate coquina debris, marly calcareous bodies, fossiliferous arenaceous marls.Fossil assemblage- Aturia Aturi, Echinolampas depressa, Lucina globosa, L. Dujardini, L. columbella, L. concentrica ?, Oliva flammulata, Thracia sp., Donax, sp., Ampullaria sp., Conus sp., Buccinum sp., Ringicula sp., Craticularia sp., Laocetes sp.Stratigraphy- Casa Bottazzo Marls (Cigarello marls) near the transition to the Vetto Sandstones (early Serravallian).Reference map- CTR 217120 Ranzano.Geological notes- isolated disarticulated shells, usually at the base of resedimented beds, associated with a high diversity fauna of probable shelf provenance (Pantano marls?). Ligurian clasts occur in some resedimented beds. POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: slope.Bibliography- DEL PRATO (1881), DEL BUE (1900), ANELLI (1913, 1915).2) Podere Campetello, near the church of Madonna dell'Aiuto, between Rosano and Ca del Grosso, Casa del Cerchio, below the top of Mt. Piano about 750 above sea level (east of Vetto near Rosano), Parmossa Valley by Mt. FusoLithology- carbonate coquina debris, marly calcareous bodies, fossiliferous arenaceous marls.Fossil assemblage- Isis melitensis, Trochocyathus oboesus, Flabellum avicula, Pecten Besseri, Amussium duodecimlamellatus, Dorocidaris blakei, Spatangus austriacus, Nucula nucleus, Chama gryphoides, Lucina sinuosa, L. transversa, Scalaria globosa, Turritella subangulata, Aturia aturi, Natica millepunctata.Stratigraphy- Cigarello marls near the transition to the Vetto Sandstones (early Serravallian).Reference map- Geological Sheet 85 Castelnovo ne’ Monti.Geological notes- isolated disarticulated shells associated with a high diversity fauna, usually at the base of resedimented beds. Associated with Ligurian carbonate breccias, slumps and ligurian-epiligurian olistoliths.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: slope.Bibliography- SIMONELLI (1896), DEL BUE (1900), ANELLI (1913, 1935).MODENA-REGGIO APPENNINE1) Rocca Tagliata, Monte Tagliata, Pigneto, Montagnana, Densano, Puianello, Pescale, Ospitaletto, Guiglia, Monte Orsello. 2) Guardone (Guardasone), Bedogno, Borseda, Grassano, Borgo Grassano (Traversetolo), Corboniano, Villa near Carpineto; 3) Castello di Baiso, Pantano, Montese, Paullo, Onfiano, Cologno, Frascara, Castelvecchio di Baiso, N of Roteglia.Lithology- calcarenites (Lucina pomum limestone of the authors).Fossil assemblage- Lucina incrassata, L. isseli, L. rollei, L. borealis, Mitra, Cassis, Nassa, Isocardia, Pholadomia, Teredo Cerithium, Pleurotoma and many other spesies (see bibliography).Stratigraphy- Pantano Formation (Langhian-early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 86 III NO Carpineti, IGM 86 IV SO Casina, Geological Sheet 85 Castelnovo ne’ Monti, Geological Sheet 86 Modena.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: outer shelf-slope.Bibliography- DODERLEIN (1872), COPPI (1877, 1884), MAZZETTI (1879), PANTANELLI (1882, 1883, 1886a, b, c), PANTANELLI & MAZZETTI (1887a, b), MALAGOLI (1887, 1890), DI STEFANO (1903), NELLI (1903).BOLOGNA APENNINE1) Mt. Radicchio between Marzabotto and Vergato= left side of the Reno River over the Pioppe station.Lithology- arenaceous marls.Fossil assemblage- Aturia aturi, Pecten sp., Lucina globulosa, L. callypteryx, Lucina sp., Turritella sp., Pecten dodecimlamellatus, Teredo norvegica, Cassidaria thyrrena, Taonurus flabelliformis.Stratigraphy- Pantano marls (Langhian-early Serravallian).Reference map- CTR 237060 Vedegheto. Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a high diversity fauna ?. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: outer shelf-slope.Bibliography- MANZONI (1881), SIMONELLI (1891), CREMONINI & ELMI (1971), NELLI (1903, 1913).2) San Leone (S. Leo), Mt. Vigese.Lithology- arenaceous marls.Fossil assemblage- Aturia Morrisii, Dentalium sp., Cytherea sp., Lucina sinuosa, L. sp., Solenomya doderleini, Pecten denudatus, P. duodecimlamellatus, Echinoderms.Stratigraphy- Pantano Marls (early Serravallian).Reference map- Geological Sheet 87 Bologna.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a high diversity fauna. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: outer shelf-slope.Bibliography- FUCHS (1875), MANZONI (1876a).TUSCAN-ROMAGNA APPENNINE1) M. Bosio (Boso) of the Savio Valley.Lithology- arenaceous marls.Stratigraphy- Mt. Fumaiolo Formation (late Langhian-early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 108 I NO Montegelli.Geological notes-Lucinids as isolated specimens scattered in the sediment. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: outer shelf.Bibliography- NELLI (1903). 2) La Verna (Calcio del Diavolo).Lithology- limestones with bryozoans and rhodoliths.Fossil assemblage- Lithothamnium seganum, L. langhianum, L. viennae, L. foslie, Lithophyllumn racemus, Clamys scabrella, Pecten malvinae, P. aduncus, Ostrea lamellosa, O. crassissima, Cidaris avenoniensis, Echinolampas angulatus, Lamna hopeli, L. cuspidata, Crysophris sp., Odontapsis contortidens, O. cuspidata, Charcarodon megalodon, Lucina globulosa, Cellepora sp., Smittia sp., Spondylus deshayesi, Conocrinus sp.Stratigraphy- basal part of the S. Marino Formation(late Burdigalian-early Langhian).Reference map- IGM II SE Chiusi della Verna.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: inner shelf.Bibliography- SIMONELLI (1883), TRABUCCO (1900a), MIGLIORINI (1910), PRINCIPI (1925b), SACCO (1940). 3) San Marino (Mt. Titano).Lithology- limestones with bryozoans and rhodoliths.Fossil assemblage- Lamna contortidens, Oxyrhina isocelica, O. xiphodon, Carcharodon megalodon, C. crassidens, C. polygyrus, Sphaerodus cintus, Clypeaster scutum, Psammechinus parvus, Conoclypus plagiosomus, Echinolampas Laurillardi, Porites ramosa, Trochocyatus elegans, Balanophyllia sp., Natica sp., Cardium difficile, Lucina transversa, Pecten sp., P. besseri, P. latissimus, P. scabrellus, P. revolutus, Ostrea digitalina, Cellepora sammarinensis, Retepora vibicata, Eschara ondulata, Hornera trabecularis, Membranipora sp., Miriozoon truncatum, Serpula mummulus, Terebratula costae, Cassis mamillaris.Stratigraphy- basal part of the S. Marino Formation(late Burdigalian-early Langhian).Reference map- IGM I NE S. Marino.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: inner shelf.Bibliography- SCARABELLI (1848, 1880), MANZONI (1873a, b), FUCHS (1875), TRABUCCO (1906), NELLI (1906, 1907), DE GASPERI (1922). Other reports without a precise localisation: Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna (inner shelf) are reported in the basal part of the Pietra of Bismantova Member (SACCO, 1932).MINOR BASINSMODENA APENNINENNW of Castellara (Ca del Vento of Barigazzo).Lithology- coquina debris in arenaceous limestones blocks, dark grey limestones, carbonate breccias.Fossil assemblage- Cypricardia, Thracia pubescens, Lucina doderleini, Corallinaceae, Lutraria sp, Eburnia eburnoides. Stratigraphy- Barigazzo Sandstones (early Serravallian).Reference map- CTR - Sez. 235120 (Boccassuolo).Geological notes- the original geological framework is lost for poor exposure. Lucinids usually disarticulated, sometimes articulated but randomly disposed. Bivalves probably enclosed in a thick resedimented calcarenitic bed. Carbonate breccias with fauna of shelf provenance ?POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: inner fan.Bibliography- LOTTI (1895a, b, 1910), TAVANI (1943), FAZZINI (1963), REUTTER (1969), TERZI (1992),BOLOGNA APENNINEMadonna del Ponte quarry (Porretta), railway quarry of Porretta.Lithology- turbiditic sandstones, calcarenites.Fossil assemblage- Modiola exbrocchii, Solenomya doderleini, Cytherea multilamellata, Pecten 12lamellatus, Lucina globulosa, L. dicomani, L. inversa, L. Fuchsi, L. spinifera, L. elliptica, Teredo norvegica, T. appenninica, Syndosmya prismatica, Pholadomya sp., Solenomya doderleini, Naera cuspidata, Aturia aturi, Spatangus austriacus, Taonurus flabelliformis, Tapes, Cassidaria thyrrena, Eudolium fasciatum, Crysodomus bombiccii, Oxyrrhina desorii, Charcarodon megalodon, Craticularia Manzonii, Euplectella bianconii, Clio multicostata, C. triplicata, Serpula capellini. Stratigraphy- Porretta sandstones (early Serravallian)Reference map- CTR 251080 Granaglione.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens (usually disarticulated) at the base of resedimented beds. Associated with ligurian carbonate breccias.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: inner fan.Bibliography- BIANCONI (1867, 1877), DE BOSNIASKI (1880), CAPELLINI (1881a, b, c), MANZONI (1881), BOMBICCI (1882), GIOLI (1887), SACCO (1901, 1935), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1930). 2) Castello di Bargi, Mt. Mora between Porretta and Castiglion de Pepoli, Magarrone Stream, Tana della Caprina, Casola = right side of the Berzantina stream about 575 m above sea level.Lithology- coquina debris in calcareous marls, turbiditic arenaceous marls.Fossil assemblage- Lucina pomum, Aturia aturi, Oxhyrrhina desorii. Stratigraphy- Suviana Marls (early Serravallian).Reference map- CTR 251040 Porretta Terme, CTR 251080 Granaglione.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens (usually disarticulated) at the base of resedimented beds. Associated with ligurian carbonate breccias and slumps.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: inner fan.Bibliography- PARETO (1865), CAPELLINI (1881a, b), MANZONI (1881), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1939a), SIGNORINI (1939), FERRINI & PANDELI (1984).3) south of Mt. Petti (Balzo dei Fiori) near Casa Gabrini.Lithology- biomicritic marly calcareous and calcarenitic lenses crowded with articulated lucinids. Carbonate breccias with disarticulated bivalves. Fossil assemblage- Lucina de stefanii.Stratigraphy- Castel Guerrino Formation (early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 98 II SE Ronta. Geological notes- Lucinid deposits similar to those outcropping in the Marnoso-arenacea Formation. POSITION: secondary ?. ENVIRONMENT: basin plain.Bibliography- PRINCIPI (1926), SIGNORINI (1941). FOREDEEPSLOPE-CLOSURE PELITES Letto Marls and correlable depositsROMAGNA-MARCHE APENNINE1) BRISIGHELLA AREA: Rontana,, Podere di Angugnano = C. Angognano, below Mt. Mauro (between Mt. Mauro and Mt. Volpe), Collina, Vespignano, Rio Gaggio, Bivio di Castelnuovo, Pietralunga = Sintria Stream, Lame, Mt. Falcone, Bosco S. Agata, C. Piantè, C. Carnè, Co di Sasso, Mt. Spugna,Lithology- biomicritic marly calcareous and calcarenitic lenses or column-like bodies (thickness ranging from 50 cm to 10 m) crowded with articulated lucinids. Carbonate breccias with disarticulated bivalves. Fossil assemblage- Lucina de stefanii, Modiola exbrocchii, Chrysodomus Hoernesi, F. glenoides, Tapes sp., Balanthium sp, Dentalium sp, Cassidaria sp.Stratigraphy- Tossignano Marls (late Tortonian except for Co di Sasso: early Messinian).Reference map- IGM 99 I NO Brisighella, IGM 99 IV SE Casola Valsenio, CTR 239130 Fognano.Geological notes- Lucinid bodies are often clustered but not according to a precise stratigraphic level and gradually passing to surrounding sediments (marly mudstones). The faunal association is characterized by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: Outer shelf, inner slope.Bibliography- MANZONI (1876b), SCARABELLI (1880), GIOLI (1887), SACCO (1899), DI STEFANO (1903), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1927a, 1929a), RUGGIERI (1958), MORONI (1966), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967), MARABINI & VAI (1985), TERZI (1993), RICCI LUCCHI & VAI (1994). 2) MARECCHIA VALLEY: T. Chiusa, Montepetra, Fosso Terchia di Sarsina, {Martigliano (Mortigliano, Mortigliana) south of Carpegna, Pereto, Rocca Pratiffi (blocks of epiligurian provenance with rare lucinid specimens)}.Lithology- dark biomicritic marly limestones packed with disarticulated bivalves, brecciated marly limestones, calcarenitic limestones with less abundant articulated lucinids. Fossil assemblage- Bathymodiolus sp., lucinids, gastropods e other bivalves. Stratigraphy- Ghioli di letto formation (late Tortonian).Reference map- CTR 266070 Montecastello.Geological notes- The faunal association is characterized by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates. Enclosed within a chaotic horizon (made up of an intraformational slump, a ligurian olistostrome, ligurian-epiligurian olistoliths and polymictic breccias). Enclosing sediments marly mudstones.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: foredeep slope.Bibliography- SCARABELLI (1880), RUGGIERI (1958), ANGELI & VEGGIANI (1964), RICCI LUCCHI & D'ONOFRIO (1967), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967), TERZI (1993), TAVIANI (1994).3) Caresto near S. Angelo in Vado.Lithology- coarse calcarenitic bodies crowded with articulated shells.Fossil assemblage- gastropods, Lucinids, Modiolus sp.Stratigraphy- Campo marls, correlable to the Ghioli di letto mudstones (late Tortonian)Reference map- IGM 115 I NE S. Angelo in Vado.Geological notes- Lucinid blocks included in marly mudstones. Associated with a slump.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: foredeep slope.Bibliography- JACOBACCI et al. (1970), DE FEYTER (1991).Other reports without a precise localisation: SE of Tossignano (Mt. Casino), Pieve di Gesso near Fontanelice and Ca di Santino near Piancaldoli, around Sassoleone and St. Apollinare, Macerata Feltria below the evaporites (Ca Marcuccio = Ca Marcacci NW of Macerata Feltria).Bibliography- SCARABELLI (1880), SIMONELLI (1891), DI STEFANO (1903), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1928b, 1939a).SICILYCaltanisetta-Enna foredeep: 1) Salinà between Centuripe and Catenanuova.Lithology- marly calcareous lenses enclosed in pelitic marls.Fossil assemblage- Terebratula ampulla, Ostrea navicularis, Pecten jossingli, Diplodonta rotundata, Lucina de stefanii, L. doderleini, L. barrandei, L. pseudorotunda, L. laestrigona, L. oppheneimi, Turbo sanguineus, Morio echinophora, Chrysodomus hoernesi.Stratigraphy- at the top of the Terravecchia Formation (Tortonian-early Messinian).Geological notes- POSITION: primary ? ENVIRONMENT: foredeep slope.Bibliography- DI STEFANO (1903), RICCI LUCCHI & VAI (1994).2) La Portella di Roccapalumba, Monti Peloritani near Messina, Monti Sicani.Lithology- calcarenitic limestones and marly limestones enclosed in mudstones and marls.Fossil assemblage- Pecten aduncus, Lucina miocenica, L. incrassata.Stratigraphy- at the top of the S. Cipirello Formation (early Tortonian).Geological notes- POSITION: primary ? ENVIRONMENT: foredeep slope.Bibliography- SEGUENZA (1873), CAPPELLINI (1881c), DI STEFANO (1903), NICOSIA (1956), MALATESTA (1956), RICCI LUCCHI & VAI (1994). Verghereto MarlsBOLOGNA APENNINEAround Giugnole and Piancaldoli. Lithology- pelitic marls and marly calcareous blocks with sparse disarticolated and sometimes articulated clams.Fossil assemblage- not known.Stratigraphy- Piancaldoli marls correllable to the Verghereto Marls (late Serravallian-early Tortonian).Reference map- IGM 98 I SE Passo della Radicosa.Geological notes- not clear if Lucinid bodies gradually pass to surrounding pelitic sediments. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: primary ? ENVIRONMENT: slope.Bibliography- DI STEFANO (1903), PRINCIPI (1928a, b, 1929a), TERZI (1993).TUSCAN-ROMAGNA-MARCHE APENNINE1) S. Sofia: Case Raggio, Case Rovereti Val di Pondo, Vignole, Ca Cella, S. Vernicio, Mortano=Martano, Buscarelle, Monte della Sega di S. Sofia. 2) Valdicardi north of Pratieghi.Lithology- brecciated marly limestones blocks crowded with bivalves.Fossil assemblage- Lucina de Stefanii, L. doderleini, L. hoernea, Homalopoma domeniconii, Xenophora borsonii, Phasianema taurocrassum, Galeodea delibrata, Neptunea hoernesi=Eutheria=Crysodomus, Hinia ruggierii, Modiolus exbrocchii, Phacoides perusinus, Nerita sp., Megastoma sp., Talassonerita sp., Calyptogena sp.Stratigraphy- Verghereto Marls (early Tortonian).Reference map- IGM 107 I NE S.Sofia, IGM 107 I SE Biserna, CTR 265080 Spinello. Geological notes- not clear relationships between lucinid deposits and enclosing sediments. Sometimes associated with ligurian carbonate breccias and slumps. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates. POSITION: secondary ? ENVIRONMENT: slopeBibliography- SCARABELLI (1880), GIOLI (1887), TRABUCCO (1895b, 1900a), DI STEFANO (1903), (NELLI 1903), PRINCIPI (1927a, 1939a), PASSERINI (1958), MORONI (1966), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967), TERZI (1993), TAVIANI (1994, 1996). 3) badlands SW of Badia Tedalda, Mt. Cavaliero (Villa Belvedere).Lithology- Turbiditic marly arenites, carbonate microbreccias with coquina debris and sparse disarticulated shells.Stratigraphy- Verghereto Marls (early Tortonian).Reference map- IGM 108 II SO SestinoGeological notes- associated with intraformational slumps.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: slope.Bibliography- DE DONATIS (1994), CONTI (1995).Vicchio MarlsTUSCAN-ROMAGNA APENNINE1) Poggio Corniolo, Croce di Moggiona, Montanino.Lithology- marly calcareous and calcarenitic lenses with rare lucinids. Fossil assemblage- Lucina barrandei.Stratigraphy- Vicchio Marls (Langhian-early Serravallian ?).Reference map- IGM 107 II NO Pratovecchio.Geological notes- Lucinid bodies gradually passing to surrounding sediments (marly mudstones) and sometimes associated with Ligurian (?) calcareous breccias. The faunal association is characterized by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates POSITION: primary ?. ENVIRONMENT: inner slope.Bibliography- FAZZINI (1964), MERLA & BORTOLOTTI (1969), PIZZIOLO & RICCI LUCCHI (1992), TERZI (1993).2) the cliffs of Vicchio, Podere Gello = Fosso Riconi, (indicated under the name of Dicomano in DE STEFANI 1878, 1880, 1887a, 1900; SACCO 1901; NELLI 1903; PRINCIPI 1927c).Lithology- marly calcareous and calcarenitic lenses crowded with articulated lucinids. Carbonate breccias with disarticulated bivalves. Fossil assemblage- Lucina dicomani.Stratigraphy- Vicchio Marls (early Serravallian)Reference map- IGM 107 IV NO VicchioGeological notes- Lucinid bodies are numerous and clustered but not according to a precise stratigraphic level and gradually passing to surrounding sediments (marly mudstones) and sometimes associated with Ligurian (?) calcareous breccias. Faunal association characterized by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: inner slope.Bibliography- DE STEFANI (1878, 1880, 1887a, 1900), SACCO (1901) NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1927c), MANFREDINI (1949), MERLA (1951) MERLA & BORTOLOTTI (1969), TERZI (1993).EMILIA APPENNINEBOBBIO TECTONIC WINDOW: Telecchio (two localities).Lithology- micritic marly calcareous blocks crowded with articulated lucinids enclosed in shales and marls, carbonate microbreccias with coquina debris and sparse disarticulated shells.Fossil assemblage- Lucina dicomanii, L. de stefanii.Stratigraphy- Peli Shales (correlable to the Vicchio Marls) (early Burdigalian ?, Langhian ?).Reference map- IGM 71 II SE Coli.Geological notes- The transition to the enclosing sediments is not clearly visible. Associated with a slump, and a ligurian - subligurian olistostrome. Methane-derived autigenic carbonatesPOSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: slope. Bibliography- BONI et al. (1963), BELLINZONA et al. (1971), LABAUME (1992).FLYSH DEPOSITSOuter Marnoso-Arenacea (proximal facies)PARMA FOOTHILLSS. Andrea dei Bagni between the Taro River and the Recchio Stream: Pozze di Petrolio, S. Andrea NE of C. Cavicchiolo, C. Cagnotti of the Bargello Stream, Riva di S. Biagio and Varano dei Marchesi, Fonte Galetta - Miano of the Lombasino Stream, C. Passetti on the right side of the Rovacchia Stream, Parola Valley around C. Gabiano, C. Bricoli of the Fontane Stream, Villa Corazza of Salsominore.Lithology- whitish marly and arenaceous limestones, sometimes crowded with articulated bivalves. Carbonate breccias with biogenic debris of probable shelf provenance. Fossil assemblage- Lucina globulosa, L. sp., Phacoides doderleini, Diplodonta rotunda, Loripes lacteus, Dentilucina persolida, Eomilta transversa, Corculum papillosum, Arca lactea, Chlamys multicostata, Musculus petaniae, Aloides gibba, Venus multilamella, Fissurella sp., bryozoans, calcareous algae. Stratigraphy- Salsomaggiore Unit (Tortonian) ?Reference map- IGM 73 III SE Fornovo di Taro, CTR 199060 S. Andrea Bagni, CTR 199010 Tabiano.Geological notes- Geological framework not clear for poor exposure. Carbonate blocks unconformably intercalated between the turbiditic sandstones of the Marnoso-arenacea Formation and Messinian conglomerates. Methane-derived autigenic carbonatesPOSITION: primary ? ENVIRONMENT: not known.Bibliography- ANELLI (1927), PETRUCCI (1960), MEDIOLI et al. (1967), IACCARINO & PAPANI (1980).ROMAGNA-MARCHE APENNINEPredappio alta (Ca di Go), eastern cliffs of Mt. Bandirola, Petrella superiore, Borello Stream Valley, Gorghi, Ranchio, Mulino di S. Lorenzo, Ville di Tezzo near Case la Costa (Sarsina), Mt. Codruzzo, Mt. Calbano, near the graveyard of Seguno, SE of Lunano near Paganica = Paganico of Pian di Meleto. Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated and disarticulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris. Turbiditic sandstones and calcarenites with coquina debris.Fossil assemblage- Lucina de Stefanii, L. doderleini, Modiolus exbrocchii, Aturia aturi, gastropods.Stratigraphy- Molasse grossolane, Urbania Sandstons, IV Member of the Marnoso arenacea Fm (Tortonian).Reference map- CTR 25412O Predappio Sud, CTR 266010 Ranchio, IGM 108 IV NO Spinello, IGM 108 IV NE Mercato Saraceno.Geological notes- Lucinid blocks are olistoliths enclosed in poorly cemented turbiditic arenites. Associated with intraformational slump. The faunal association is characterised by low diversity and high abundance. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: inner fan.Bibliography- NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1925a, 1927a, 1936, 1939b, c), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967), TERZI (1992), TERZI et al. (1994).Outer Marnoso-Arenacea (distal facies)MARECCHIA VALLEY1) Poggio delle Campane (Pian Castelnuovo).Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris. Fossil assemblage- Lucina pomum and undetermined bivalves.Stratigraphy- Outer Marnoso-arenacea (late Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 108 II SO Sestino. Geological notes- articulated or disarticulated specimens associated with an oligotypic fauna in carbonate olistoliths enclosed within a chaotic horizon (made up of an intraformational slump, polymictic breccias, a ligurian olistostrome). Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- CONTI (1995).2) Near Melatello SE of S. Ruffillo in the Montone Valley, S. Caterina di Modigliana ( Acerreta Valley).Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris. Stratigraphy- Outer Marnoso-arenacea (late Serravallian ?).Geological notes- carbonate olistoliths enclosed within a chaotic horizon ? POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Reference map-IGM 99 II NO Modigliana, IGM 99 II NE Dovadola. Bibliography- PRINCIPI (1927b). Other reports in Romagna without a precise localisation: Palareto, east of Capanno, Sasseto di Rabbi.Inner Marnoso-ArenaceaMARECCHIA VALLEY:Near Pianello of Badia Tedalda. Lithology- turbiditic sandstones and calcarenites.Fossil assemblage- Lucina de stefanii. Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Fm, above Contessa marker bed (early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 108 III SE Badia Tedalda.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens (usually disarticulated) at the base of resedimented beds. POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain.Bibliography- PRINCIPI (1925a, c, 1933), NOCCHI & CATINELLI (1965), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967).TUSCAN-ROMAGNA APENNINE1) Ca Cerreto, SW of Moraduccio (right side of Fosso Rimaggio), around Belmonte, near Castelvecchio (Ca Burraccia), Poggio Miorcanda (Bordignano), Diaterna Stream near Castelvecchio, near Mt. Faggiola (Prati Piani di Campiali = W of Palazzuolo), Paretaio della Collina near Palazzuolo = between Collina di sotto and di sopra = campo d'Olivo of Collina = NE of Palazzuolo, Mandera = Mondera, Poggio di Mt. Maggiore around Salecchio or Salicecchio, the Fogare of Mt. Calzolaro (eastern side of the Mt. Incisa), Bibbiana intercalated with the “Casaglia clays”. Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris.Fossil assemblage- Lucina de stefanii, L. doderleini, Aturia aturi.Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Formation, above Contessa marker bed (early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 98 I SE Passo della Radicosa, IGM 99 III NO Palazzuolo, IGM 99 III NE S. Martino in Gattara, IGM 99 III SO Casaglia.Geological notes- a dense oligotypic fauna in carbonate olistoliths enclosed within a chaotic horizon (made up of an intraformational slump, a ligurian-subligurian olistostrome, ligurian-epiligurian olistoliths and polymictic breccias) occurring in a marly succession (40-50 m thick, about 40 km long) of the Marnoso-arenacea Formation. Associated with the Mt. Faggiola-Pedimonte slump and with the Visignano-Rimaggio olistostrome correlable to the Casaglia olistostrome. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- SCARABELLI (1880), GIOLI (1887), TRABUCCO (1895b, 1900a), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1928a, b, 1939a), SIGNORINI (1937), RENZI (1966), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967), BRUNI (1973), DE JAGER (1979), TERZI (1992). 2) near Mt. Fune of Castel del RIO, Mt. Acuto (Pietra Acuta) east of Valsalva, western slope of the Mt. Alafine. Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris.Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Formation, above Contessa marker bed (early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 99 IV SO Castel del Rio, IGM 107 I SE Passo della Radicosa.Geological notes- a dense oligotypic fauna in carbonate olistoliths enclosed within a chaotic horizon (made up of an intraformational slump) occurring in a marly succession (40-50 m thick, about 10 km long) of the Marnoso-arenacea Formation. Associated with the Valsalva olistostrome.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- GIOLI (1887), TRABUCCO (1895b, 1900a), NELLI (1903), LOTTI (1920), PRINCIPI (1928a).3) Bidente = between Mt. Marino and Mt. Riccio.Lithology- extrabasinal marls, micritic sometimes brecciated limestones, marls with pebble-size limestone concretions.Fossil assemblage- Bathymodiolus sp., Calyptogena sp. Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Fm, above Contessa marker bed (early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 107 I SE Biserna.Geological notes- articulated or disarticulated specimens associated with an oligotypic fauna in carbonate olistoliths enclosed within a chaotic horizon (made up of an intraformational slump, polymictic breccias, calcarenitic olistoliths with biogenic debris of probable shelf provenance) occurring in a marly succession of the Marnoso-arenacea Formation. Associated with the Caselle olistostrome and olistoliths. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1927b), BERTI et al. (1994).4) Fosso Rampolli north of Ronta (Mugello) between the Prefetto peak and Poggio Rotto, near Madonna dei tre Fiumi (on the right side of the Fosso dei Farferelli), between Campatelli and Castagnolo on the right side of the Arselle Stream (near Castagnolo SE of Mt. Verruca), south of Razzolo in the Elsa Valley, Mt Gattaia, around Podere Filetta (NW of Villore) = near the southwestern slopes of the Mt. Favaglie (Filetto = above the Podere Majoli, Botro of Tramonti near Filetta, along the muletrack going from Villore to the Mt Favaglie, east of Corella, Poggio Calcina, Pretognano of St Godenzo=on the right side of the St Godenzo Stream=not far from Paretaio di Mt Casi of St Godenzo along the road to Romagna, Ricolle near S. Godenzo (Colle, Re di Colle, Podere Ricolli), around Podere Casellino, nearby the Allocchi railway gallery, Moscia Valley by Londa, , La Pianaccia (Castagno di S. Andrea)=Gorganera near Castagno below rhe Mt Falterona clliffs, between Poggio Atra and Imo Casale (Cafaggio), (the previous localities were generally indicated under the name of Dicomano by MANZONI, 1881), in the Lamone Rever below the Fantino station, Poggio di Case Cavalmagra = CasalValmagra = Caval Magra (Canalmagra)= SE of Acquadalto in the surroundings of Salicecchio, Mortignano (FI) 16 km from Dicomano. Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris.Fossil assemblage- Lucina dicomani, Aturia aturi, Pecten dodecimcostatus, Loripes globulosus, Tapes depressa, Teredo apenninica, Cyrena gravesi, Cuviera sp., Echinidi, Cassidaria echinophora, Ostrea langhiana, Tellina planata, Cyprina inversa.Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Fm, below Contessa marker bed (Langhian).Reference map- IGM 98 II SO Ronta, IGM 99 III SO Casaglia, IGM 107 IV NO Vicchio, IGM 107 IV NE S. Godenzo, IGM 107 IV SE M. Falterona.Geological notes- a dense oligotypic fauna in carbonate olistoliths, enclosed within a chaotic horizon (made up of intraformational slumps, and polymictic breccias) occurring in a marly succession (100-200 m thick, about 30 km long) of the Marnoso-arenacea Formation. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.Associated with the slump of Coniale-Acquadalto.POSITION: primary or moderately intraformational. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- COCCHI (1867), DE STEFANI (1880, 1887a, 1891), SCARABELLI (1880), MANZONI (1881), GIOLI (1887), RISTORI (1889), LOTTI (1895a, 1898, 1900, 1910), TRABUCCO (1895, 1900a), SACCO (1899), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1926, 1927a, c, 1928a, b,1939a, 1942), SIGNORINI (1941), MERLA (1951), RENZI (1966), PELLEGRINI (1966), RICCI LUCCHI & VEGGIANI (1967), MERLA & BORTOLOTTI (1969), TERZI (1992, 1993), TERZI et al. (1994), CONTI et al., (1994).Other reports in Romagna without a precise localisation: M. Prignolaia SW of Galeata, Corniolo near Premilcuore, Bagno di Romagna, Balze di Verghereto, S.Simone di Romagna, M. Cappello on the right side of the Santerno River, Poggio Buffano west of S. Sofia, Tredozio (near southeastern slopes of Mt. Vespignano).Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris. Turbiditic sandstones with isolated lucinid specimens and coquina debris.Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Formation, above Contessa marker bed (early Serravallian).Fossil assemblage- Lucina de stefanii. Reference map- IGM 99 II SO Tredozio.Geological notes- The precise geological framework is not known. POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1927b, 1928a, 1939a), FARABEGOLI et al. (1994).UMBRIA LOCALITIES 1) PERUGIA-GUALDO CATTANEO AREA - The quarry of Poggio Casale S. Lorenzo (2 km E of Deruta)= Fosso Castelleone = Deruta Valley=, nearby of S. Lorenzo in Cerqueto = (Fosso del Varco near Cerreto = Cerqueto, Frette Valley = Fosso delle Frette=Fratta near Cerqueto = NW of Monte d'Oro, Bevagna, west of Gualdo Cattaneo between St. Antonio and Collettino. 2) GUALDO TADINO AREA: - Col D'Orte near Pieve di Compresseto, Casa Castalda (SE of the village), Busche (SW of Gualdo Tadino), Osteria di Morane (Morano) of the Caldognola Stream.3) UMBERTIDE AREA - Pieve di Saddi. Lithology- marly calcareous, calcarenitic blocks crowded with articulated lucinids, carbonate breccias and marls with disarticulated lucinid clams and coquina debris. Turbiditic sandstones and calcarenites with coquina debris.Fossil assemblage- Lucina doderleini L. de stefanii, L. globulosa, L. pseudorotunda, L. transversa, Loripes sp., Lutraria lutraria, Modiola brocchii, Euspira scalaris.Stratigraphy- Marnoso-areanacea Fm, below Contessa marker bed (two levels: the first of Langhian age and the second of early Serravallian age).Reference map- IGM 115 Città di Castello, IGM 130 Orvieto, IGM131 Foligno.Geological notes- carbonate olistoliths with biogenic debris of probable shelf provenance, ligurian olistostromes). Related to the “Pecten-bryozoans olistoliths” and the Salaiole and Scritto olistostromes n°2-3, a dense oligotypic fauna in carbonate olistoliths and resedimented beds enclosed within two chaotic horizons (made up of an intraformational slump, polymictic breccias, Methane-derived autigenic carbonates solo il n°1.POSITION: secondary ?. ENVIRONMENT: basinal plain. Bibliography- BONARELLI (1899, 1901, 1902, 1903), VERRI & DE ANGELIS D'OSSAT (1899, 1900, 1901), PICENUS (1901), DI STEFANO (1903), NELLI (1903), PRINCIPI (1922, 1925d, 1927a, 1939a, b), PIALLI (1966), JACOBACCI et al. (1970), RICCI LUCCHI & PIALLI (1973).Cervarola-Falterona SandstonesBOLOGNA APENNINE1) Lovajola di M. Cavallo (near 1000 m above sea level)(between the Mt. Cavallo and the Mt. Piella), Boschi (W of Madonna dei Boschi between Mt. Granaglione and Rio Maggiore), Mt. Stagno = near Bargi towards Baigno, Mt. dei Prati-Pizzetto, l'Alpe, Poggio delle Vecchiette, Mt Casciaio, Lago di Suviana, left side of the Reno River or Mujavacca near the ophiolitic block, Belvedere, S. Damiano.Lithology- fossiliferous turbiditic calcarenites (5 m average thickness), carbonate breccias.Fossil assemblage- Lucina globulosa, Pteropods, Aturia aturi, Lutraria acutangola, Cerithium trochus.Stratigraphy- Cervarola Sandstones (early Serravallian).Reference map- IGM 98 III NE Castiglione dei Pepoli, CTR 251080 Granaglione.Geological notes- isolated lucinid valves associated with high diversity fauna of probable shelf provenance, enclosed in a thick resedimented bed. Associated with ligurian carbonate breccias. Methane-derived autigenic carbonates.POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: basin plain.Bibliography- DE STEFANI (1880, 1881b), PRATO (1881), CAPPELLINI (1881b), BOMBICCI (1881), MANZONI (1881), SACCO (1892, 1935), OPPENHEIM (1990a), Nelli (1903), LOTTI (1910), AMADESI (1967).2) Pianaccio del rifugio Segavecchia.Lithology- Coquina debris and isolated lucinid-like valves (mainly disarticolated) in carbonate breccias, at the base of resedimented calcarenites.Stratigraphy- Cervarola Sandstones (early Serravallian).Reference map- CTR - Sez. 251070 (Monteacuto delle Alpi).Geological notes- Associated with ligurian carbonate breccias.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basin plain.Bibliography- CAPELLINI (1881b), TERZI (1992).3) Near Vitigliano above Vicchio.Lithology- Coquina debris and isolated lucinid-like valves (mainly disarticolated) in carbonate breccias, at the base of resedimented calcarenites.Bibliography- (PRINCIPI, 1927c).EMILIA APPENNINEBOBBIO TECTONIC WINDOW: Poggio della Croce, Costa delle Barche, S. Salvatore, Poggio di M. Migliore.Lithology- Turbiditic calcarenites and sandstones, carbonate microbreccias with coquina debris and sparse disarticulated shells.Fossil assemblage- Lucina dicomanii, L. de stefanii.Stratigraphy- S. Salvatore Sandstones (correlable to the Cervarola-Falterona Sandstones) (early Burdigalian ?, Langhian ?).Reference map- IGM 71 II SE Coli.Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens (usually disarticulated) at the base of resedimented beds.POSITION: secondary. ENVIRONMENT: basin plain.Bibliography- BONI et al. (1963), BELLINZONA et al. (1971), LABAUME (1992).FORELANDSICILYIBLEA AREA: Monti Iblei, Vizzini, Molino nuovo near Licodia Eubea (St. Giovanni), Montallesa between Modica and Scicli; Calaforno and Donna Scala near Giarratana), Monterosso, Almo, Chiaramonte by Ragusa, Casa S. Giacomo by Mt. Serralunga Lithology- arenaceous limestones, marly limestones, marly mudstones.Fossil assemblage- Charcarodon megalodon, Aturia aturi, Xenophora sp., Calcellaria sp., Cassidaria fasciata, C. sp., Cassis neumayri, C. sp., Ficula sp., Ostrea cochlear, O. mutabilis, O. tenuiplicata, Pecten anconitanum, P. sp., Pleuronectia duodecimlamellata, Lima miocenica, Limopsis anomala, Lucina pomum, L. sp;, L. spinifera, L. delbosii, L. bronnii, Astarte neumayri, Tellina sp.Stratigraphy- Tellaro Formation (Langhian) and Mt. Carrubba Fm (late Tortonian-early Messinian).Geological notes- Lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a numerous high diversity fauna. POSITION: primary. ENVIRONMENT: inner shelf.Bibliography- CAFICI (1880, 1883), DI STEFANO (1903), NELLI (1903), MALATESTA (1956), VAI & RICCI LUCCHI (1994).Other localities with lucinids as isolated specimens belonging to a dense high diversity fauna. Southern Apennine: LAZIO-ABRUZZI SHELF:1) Liri valley (Roveto valley by Canistro)- BENEO (1936) (Miocene).2) Bolognano near Mt. Mulino, Lettomanopello - DE ANGELIS D'OSSAT (1899) (Miocene).LIVORNO MOUNTAINS:3) At the confluence of the Botro Rosso with the Popogna stream (Cafaggio), Scaforno, Paltratico e PIneta (CAPELLINI, 1878; TRENTANOVE, 1901).4) Orciano, Livorno, Capo Vaticano (DE STEFANI, 1902) (Tortonian).MARCHE:5) Montemarino near Fermo (NELLI, 1903) (Pliocene).MODENA FOOTHILLS:6) Ertezza del colle dei Caprili (left side of the Bagalo stream) (Torre Maina, Tagliata del Pliocene modenese), NE of Montegibbio between Nirano and Gozzano south of Montazzo dell’Olmo, (STOHR, 1868); (COPPI, 1868, 1869, 1876) (Pliocene).SARDEGNA: 7) Fontanazzo, Castelsardo (PARONA, 1887) (Miocene).LESSINI MOUNTAINS:8) M. .Postale, M. Pulli (Eocene) (OPENNHEIM, 1900b).EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES.Fig. 1 - Ubication of the lucinid deposits outcropping in the northen Apennines.Fig. 2 -Geological framework of the main italian lucinid deposits. Numbers refer to fig. 1.