Two red Cystofilobasidium spp. isolated from spring sap-flows of Betula pendula were analysed for their carotenoid content. In Cystofilobasidiuminfirmominiatum, three unusual pigments were detected and identified by structure elucidation as oxidised torulene derivatives.These included 16'-hydroxytorulene and torularhodinaldehyde, two carotenoids known so far only from chemical synthesis or aspostulated biosynthetic intermediates en route to torularhodin. Unprecedented formation of beta-apo-2'-carotenal was also observed. Theproduction of these pigments in pure culture was dependent on enhanced oxidative stress caused by cultivation in well-aerated (indented)flasks with or without 2% ethanol (16'-hydroxytorulene), or with 100 lM duroquinone (torularhodinaldehyde and beta-apo-2'-carotenal).Among these three pigments, only 16'-hydroxytorulene was detected in C. capitatum. Torularhodin, a common end product of carotenoidoxidation in red yeasts, was not produced by either species under any incubation conditions. Biosynthetic aspects of incompleteoxidation of torulene by these Cystofilobasidium spp. are discussed.

Intermediates in the oxidative pathway from torulene to torularhodin in the red yeasts Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum and C. capitatum (Heterobasidiomycetes, Fungi) / S., Herz; R. W. S., Weber; H., Anke; Mucci, Adele; Davoli, Paolo. - In: PHYTOCHEMISTRY. - ISSN 0031-9422. - STAMPA. - 68:20(2007), pp. 2503-2511. [10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.05.019]

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