Introduction. Living donation in adult liver transplantation (LDLTx) is an important resource because of the waiting list growth. We. started a living donor program to overcome the shortage of cadaveric sources. Patients. From May 2001 to May 2003, 36 patients underwent LDLTx: 27 received a right lobe, 8 received a left lobe, and 1 received segments 11 and III. Results. The 1-year actuarial survival rate was 77.7%, with a mean follow-up, in survivors, of 754 +/- 248 days. Eleven of 27 (40.7%) right lobe recipients died. Among left graft recipients, 3 patients died (33%). We undertook retransplantation in 4 cases, because of 2 small for size syndrome, 1 late hepatic artery thrombosis, and 1 early portal vein thrombosis. After a period of 797 days, all 36 donors returned to a normal social and working life. Two donors, who underwent right lobe donation, experienced major complications: 1 case of biliary stenosis, treated by stenting, and I case of biliary leak from the cut surface of the liver, requiring laparotomy and abscess drainage. Left lobe donors developed no complications. Conclusions. LDLTx has a learning curve for experienced liver transplantation surgeons. Our last 18 cases showed better survivals than the first 18 (9 deaths vs 5), even if, in the latter group, we transplanted 8 left livers. In our experience, LDLTx of a left liver graft has an increased risk of small for size syndrome, but patients, both donors and recipients, report improved outcomes.