In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new polysulfone membrane for hemodialysis. Reference methodology and clinical results (Part 1: In vitro study)

Different high flux membranes have been recently developed. The present study is aimed at describing the technical features and the clinical performances of a new high flux polysulfone membrane (T-sulfone, Toray, Japan). The study has been carried out on two different dialyzers (surface area = 1.3 and 1.8 m(2)). The filters have been tested in vitro under definite experimental conditions. The hydraulic flow resistance, the pressure drop in the blood compartment and the hydraulic permeability have been determined in a wide range of in vitro experimental conditions. The in vitro sieving coefficients for various solutes have also been determined utilizing human blood. Hydraulic permeability was found in the range of 28.4 ml/h/mmHg/m(2) and sieving coefficients were between 0.96 and 1.0 for all low molecular weight solutes. The sieving coefficient far inulin was 0.95. The pressure drop in the filter at 300 ml/min of blood flow was 95 mmHg for the 1.3 m(2) and 57 mmHg for the 1.8 m(2). The filters are then designed to operate in the presence of high blood flows without excessive resistance in the blood compartment. The blood compartment analyzed by means of a special radiological sequence obtained with a helical scanner after dye injection confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the blood flow in several cross sections of the bundle. Adequate distribution of dialysate was confirmed with a similar method applied to the dialysate compartment. The new imaging techniques utilized were greatly helpful to determine adequacy of filter design and flows distribution.