O MILÊNIO AMERICANO: AVIVAMENTOS RELIGIOSOS E A NACIONALIZAÇÃO DO REINO DE DEUS NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO SÉCULO XIX

This article examines the relationship between religious revivals, millenarian expectations, and national identity in the United States between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with particular attention to the thought of Charles G. Finney. Drawing on the distinction between progressive and catastrophic millennialisms, it investigates how revivalist movements contributed to linking individual conversion, the moral regeneration of society, and expectations regarding the historical advance of the Kingdom of God. Methodologically, the study brings together the history of religion, intellectual history, and conceptual history. It argues that the great revivals played an important role in the nationalization of the concept of the Kingdom of God and in the consolidation of a millenarian imaginary in the United States by fostering providential interpretations of American history. The article concludes that the so-called “American millennium” resulted from the articulation between Protestant revivalism, postmillennial eschatology, and the nationalization of the Kingdom of God within the American historical experience.