Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the most common form of indolent lymphoma and usually presents at advanced stage at diagnosis. Notable features of FL are spatial genetic heterogeneity among different tumor sites and a high prognostic variability between patients, with a median overall survival that ranges from less than 5 years to more than 20. None of the currently available prognostic scores can reliably identify the patients with a dismal prognosis at diagnosis. So far, intratumoral heterogeneity has only been investigated through a multiple biopsies strategy that cannot be applied in routine clinical practice. The development of tools able to depict tumoral heterogeneity in a non-invasive way is eagerly awaited and may help identifying high-risk patients since disease presentation. The liquid biopsy is currently regarded as an important source of information capable of providing a global view of cancer heterogeneity starting from a single blood sample. Among hematological malignancies, liquid biopsy has already been successfully developed in aggressive lymphomas, whereas its role in indolent lymphomas such as FL has still to be clarified. BIOLIQUID_2021 is a single-center prospective study that aims both at evaluating tumor derived circulating DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in FL, thus investigating potential correlations with clinical features, and at assessing the ability of cfDNA to resemble the mutational profile of paraffin embedded tumor biopsy (FFPE-DNA). Moreover, by comparing cfDNA and FFPE-DNA, the ability of liquid biopsy in representing the whole disease burden in FL patients is explored. Between 2021 and 2024, a total of 72 patients has been enrolled at the hematology department of the AUSL IRCCS of Reggio Emilia. 62 of them were newly diagnosed patients, whereas the remaining were included at disease relapse (7 patients at first relapse, 2 at second relapse and one in third relapse). Median age was 65 years (range 56-71). As expected, the majority of patients (82%) presented an advanced stage disease. Overall, 53% of patients were categorized as high-risk according to FLIPI score. All patients had an available recent tissue biopsy, and the median time between tissue biopsy and blood sampling for cfDNA assessment was one month. cfDNA was quantified through ProNex DNA QC assay system. The average amount of cfDNA was 10,7 ng/ml of collected plasma. cfDNA concentration was significantly correlated with disease stage and FLIPI score. With a median follow-up of 37 months, no association between cfDNA concentration and progression-free survival was observed. Paired samples of cfDNA, FFPE-DNA and genomic DNA derived from T-lymphocytes have been evaluated by CAPP-seq using a specifically developed panel including 164 genes involved in B-cell lymphomas. Preliminary data showed that cfDNA could recapitulate the mutational complexity of FFPE-DNA in 67% of the analyzed patients. The chromatin modifiers genes KMT2D and CREBBP were the most frequently mutated in both FFPE-DNA and cfDNA. Given that the median concentration of cfDNA was significantly lower compared to available data on aggressive lymphomas, additional analysis are currently ongoing in order to assess whether different variant calling tools may better identify cfDNA mutational burden.

Il linfoma follicolare (LF) rappresenta la forma più comune di linfoma indolente e solitamente si presenta in stadio avanzato. Caratteristiche peculiari del LF sono l'eterogeneità genetica tra i diversi siti tumorali e un'elevata variabilità prognostica tra i pazienti, con una sopravvivenza globale mediana che varia da meno di 5 anni a più di 20. Nessuno degli scores prognostici attualmente disponibili è in grado di identificare i pazienti con una prognosi infausta alla diagnosi. Finora, l’eterogeneità intratumorale è stata studiata attraverso l’esecuzione di biopsie multiple. Tale analisi non può essere applicata nella pratica clinica. Pertanto, è necessario lo sviluppo di strumenti in grado di identificare e descrivere l'eterogeneità tumorale in modo non invasivo. Ciò potrebbe aiutare a identificare sin dalla diagnosi i pazienti a prognosi sfavorevole. Lo studio della biopsia liquida è attualmente considerato un’importante fonte di informazioni in grado di fornire una visione globale dell’eterogeneità tumorale a partire da un singolo campione di sangue. Tra le neoplasie ematologiche, la biopsia liquida è già stata sviluppata con successo nei linfomi aggressivi, mentre il suo ruolo nei linfomi indolenti come il LF deve ancora essere chiarito. BIOLIQUID_2021 è uno studio prospettico monocentrico che mira sia a valutare le concentrazioni di DNA circolante derivato dal tumore (cfDNA) nel LF, indagando così le potenziali correlazioni con le caratteristiche cliniche, sia a valutare la capacità del cfDNA di riprodurre il profilo mutazionale della biopsia tumorale inclusa in paraffina (FFPE-DNA). Inoltre, attraverso il confronto tra cfDNA e FFPE-DNA, viene esplorata la potenzialità della biopsia liquida nel rappresentare l'intero carico mutazionale nei pazienti con LF. Tra il 2021 e il 2024 sono stati arruolati 72 pazienti afferenti all’ematologia dell'AUSL IRCCS di Reggio Emilia. 62 di questi erano di nuova diagnosi, mentre i rimanenti sono stati inclusi alla recidiva (7 pazienti alla prima recidiva, 2 alla seconda recidiva e uno alla terza recidiva). L’età media dell’intera coorte è pari a 65 anni (range 56-71). Come previsto, la maggior parte dei pazienti (82%) presentava una malattia in stadio avanzato. Il 53% dei pazienti è stato classificato come ad alto rischio in base allo score FLIPI. Per tutti i pazienti era disponibile una biopsia diagnostica recente, con un tempo mediano tra la biopsia tissutale e il prelievo di sangue per la valutazione del cfDNA di un mese. Il cfDNA è stato quantificato tramite il sistema di analisi ProNex DNA QC. La quantità media di cfDNA è stato pari a 10,7 ng/ml di plasma raccolto. La concentrazione di cfDNA si è dimostrata significativamente correlata allo stadio della malattia e al punteggio FLIPI. Ad un follow-up mediano di 37 mesi, non è stata osservata alcuna associazione tra la concentrazione di cfDNA e la sopravvivenza libera da progressione. Campioni accoppiati di cfDNA, FFPE-DNA e DNA genomico derivati da linfociti T sono stati sequenziati mediante CAPP-seq utilizzando un pannello appositamente sviluppato comprendente 164 geni coinvolti nei linfomi a cellule B. I dati preliminari hanno mostrato che il cfDNA è in grado di riprodurre la complessità mutazionale del FFPE-DNA nel 67% dei pazienti analizzati. I geni modificatori della cromatina KMT2D e CREBBP sono stati identificati come i più frequentemente mutati sia nel FFPE-DNA che nel cfDNA. Dato che la concentrazione mediana di cfDNA osservata è stata inferiore rispetto a quanto si osserva nei linfomi aggressivi, sono attualmente in corso ulteriori analisi bioinformatiche per valutare se diversi strumenti di identificazione delle varianti genomiche possano permettere una più accurata descrizione del carico mutazionale del cfDNA.

Ruolo della biopsia liquida nel linfoma follicolare / Maria Elena Nizzoli , 2026 May 27. 37. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2023/2024.

Ruolo della biopsia liquida nel linfoma follicolare

NIZZOLI, MARIA ELENA
2026

Abstract

Follicular lymphoma (FL) represents the most common form of indolent lymphoma and usually presents at advanced stage at diagnosis. Notable features of FL are spatial genetic heterogeneity among different tumor sites and a high prognostic variability between patients, with a median overall survival that ranges from less than 5 years to more than 20. None of the currently available prognostic scores can reliably identify the patients with a dismal prognosis at diagnosis. So far, intratumoral heterogeneity has only been investigated through a multiple biopsies strategy that cannot be applied in routine clinical practice. The development of tools able to depict tumoral heterogeneity in a non-invasive way is eagerly awaited and may help identifying high-risk patients since disease presentation. The liquid biopsy is currently regarded as an important source of information capable of providing a global view of cancer heterogeneity starting from a single blood sample. Among hematological malignancies, liquid biopsy has already been successfully developed in aggressive lymphomas, whereas its role in indolent lymphomas such as FL has still to be clarified. BIOLIQUID_2021 is a single-center prospective study that aims both at evaluating tumor derived circulating DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in FL, thus investigating potential correlations with clinical features, and at assessing the ability of cfDNA to resemble the mutational profile of paraffin embedded tumor biopsy (FFPE-DNA). Moreover, by comparing cfDNA and FFPE-DNA, the ability of liquid biopsy in representing the whole disease burden in FL patients is explored. Between 2021 and 2024, a total of 72 patients has been enrolled at the hematology department of the AUSL IRCCS of Reggio Emilia. 62 of them were newly diagnosed patients, whereas the remaining were included at disease relapse (7 patients at first relapse, 2 at second relapse and one in third relapse). Median age was 65 years (range 56-71). As expected, the majority of patients (82%) presented an advanced stage disease. Overall, 53% of patients were categorized as high-risk according to FLIPI score. All patients had an available recent tissue biopsy, and the median time between tissue biopsy and blood sampling for cfDNA assessment was one month. cfDNA was quantified through ProNex DNA QC assay system. The average amount of cfDNA was 10,7 ng/ml of collected plasma. cfDNA concentration was significantly correlated with disease stage and FLIPI score. With a median follow-up of 37 months, no association between cfDNA concentration and progression-free survival was observed. Paired samples of cfDNA, FFPE-DNA and genomic DNA derived from T-lymphocytes have been evaluated by CAPP-seq using a specifically developed panel including 164 genes involved in B-cell lymphomas. Preliminary data showed that cfDNA could recapitulate the mutational complexity of FFPE-DNA in 67% of the analyzed patients. The chromatin modifiers genes KMT2D and CREBBP were the most frequently mutated in both FFPE-DNA and cfDNA. Given that the median concentration of cfDNA was significantly lower compared to available data on aggressive lymphomas, additional analysis are currently ongoing in order to assess whether different variant calling tools may better identify cfDNA mutational burden.
The role of liquid biopsy in follicular lymphoma
27-mag-2026
LUMINARI, Stefano
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1410628
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