The Role of Low-Carbon Hydrogen in Decarbonizing Glass and Ceramic Manufacturing in Europe

The paper investigates the integration of hydrogen as a decarbonization strategy in the European glass and ceramics manufacturing sectors. The primary goal is to analyze the potential, current initiatives, and future opportunities for green H2 adoption, with a focus on reducing sector-specific carbon emissions and supporting the transition to net-zero by 2050. The methodology involves a review of pilot projects, and technological advancements across various sub-sectors, including glass, ceramics, bricks, sanitaryware, and cement, highlighting both successful industrial-scale demonstrations and ongoing feasibility studies. Key insights reveal that H2 can significantly mitigate CO2 emissions, particularly in energy-intensive processes where fossil fuels dominate. Notable pilot projects demonstrate the technical viability of H2 combustion in glass furnaces and ceramic kilns, with some achieving substantial emission reductions and maintaining product quality. However, the study identifies critical challenges: high capital and operational costs, limited H2 supply, the need for technological adaptation, and concerns regarding product quality and safety. The paper concludes that while H2 presents a promising pathway for decarbonization, its widespread adoption will require sustained innovation, policy support, and investment to overcome economic, technical, and regulatory barriers and to ensure the sector’s alignment with Europe’s carbon neutrality targets.