This study takes as its starting point the Śālistambasūtra (‘The Sūtra of the Rice Seedling’), a text transmitted over centuries, whose earliest redaction is estimated to date at least to the late second century CE. The work has come down to us through numerous quotations preserved in Sanskrit sources and has been reconstructed on the basis of its parallels in the suttas of the pāli canon, its chinese translations, and later tibetan versions. The central theme of the text is pratītyasamutpāda, a modal principle of cardinal importance, often interpreted today in ethical-ecological terms and understood as the principle by which phenomena are mutually related and interdependent. In the course of this research, I verified the central role that the author of the Śālistambasūtra assigns to pratītyasamutpāda, placing it at the foundation of the text’s structure and employing it as the generative principle of its lexical and stylistic choices. These features led me to take seriously the statements of traditional commentators who held that the teaching of pratītyasamutpāda should be regarded as the main purpose of the Śālistambasūtra. The text may thus be understood as a pedagogical device intended to make its recipient aware of the actual conditions under which perceptual, reflective, and affective experience unfolds. In its opening pericopes, the Śālistambasūtra itself stresses the importance of recognizing the modal condition known as pratītyasamutpāda. When such awareness fails, the subject suffers from a disorder of ‘vision’ — here termed avidyā — which compromises judgment and leads to an overvaluation of abstract knowledge and an undervaluation of sensory perception and practice. To counter these effects, the pericopes of the Śālistambasūtra are arranged as a structured sequence of exercises and stimuli designed to enable the practitioner to ‘see the actual state of things’ (vidyā). Because of the logical rigor and procedural coherence of this sequence — recalling the well-known formula of the caturāryasatya — I have adopted it as the organizing criterion of the present work, divided into four chapters. The first describes the symptoms of avidyā, the various forms of ‘blindness’ that induce the subject to separate ‘causes’ from ‘effects’ and ‘acts’ from ‘fruits’, thereby losing sight of the practical continuum informing lived experience. The second examines the genesis of this disturbance and its conditioning of both external and internal experience. The third discusses the conditions for the possible cessation (nirodha) of avidyā, while the fourth offers a detailed analysis of several exercises drawn from the Śālistambasūtra: genuine pedagogical ‘vignettes’ aimed at restoring vision. The work concludes with several appendices: those devoted to the edition and translation of the sanskrit text of the Śālistambasūtra; those reviewing its chinese witnesses; and those containing translations of passages from other authors who cite or discuss the formula of pratītyasamutpāda as presented in the Śālistambasūtra. The collected materials provide a new intertextual apparatus that documents and reconstructs a significant portion of the long history of the Śālistambasūtra’s reception in both South Asian and sinitic contexts.
Questo lavoro prende le mosse dallo studio dello Śālistambasūtra (‘Il sūtra della pianta di riso’), testo tramandato per secoli, la cui redazione più antica si stima risalga almeno alla fine del II secolo d.C. Un testo a noi pervenuto tramite le numerose citazioni presenti in varie opere sanscrite e ricostruito a partire dai suoi paralleli nei sutta del canone pāli, passando per le sue traduzioni in lingua cinese, fino alle più tarde versioni in lingua tibetana. Il tema centrale dell’opera è il pratītyasamutpāda: principio modale di importanza cardinale, oggi sovente interpretato in chiave etico-ecologica e inteso come referente del modo in cui le cose sono tra loro interrelate e interdipendenti. Nello corso del lavoro di ricerca ho potuto verificare l’effettiva centralità che l’autore dello Śālistambasūtra ha assegnato al pratītyasamutpāda, ponendolo alla base dell’architettura del testo e impiegandolo come principio generativo delle proprie scelte lessicali e delle sue peculiari forme espressive. Sono questi, infatti, gli aspetti che mi hanno indotta a prendere sul serio le parole di quei commentatori tradizionali, secondo cui l’insegnamento del pratītyasamutpāda doveva essere inteso come il principale scopo della redazione dello Śālistambasūtra, che, in tal senso, è da intendere come un dispositivo ‘pedagogico’ atto a dar conto al proprio destinatario delle effettive condizioni in cui si svolge la sua esperienza percettiva, riflessiva e affettiva. È lo stesso Śālistambasūtra a evidenziare, nelle sue pericopi iniziali, l’importanza dell’avere contezza della condizione modale detta pratītyasamutpāda, venendo meno la quale il soggetto risulta affetto da un serio disturbo della ‘visione’ –qui chiamato avidyā–, il quale compromette le sue capacità di giudizio e lo spinge tanto a sovrastimare il sapere teorico e astratto, quanto a penalizzare la percezione sensibile e la prassi. Al fine di scongiurare siffatte conseguenze, perciò, le pericopi dello Śālistambasūtra sono disposte in modo tale da fornire al destinatario una sequenza strutturata di esercizi e di ‘sollecitazioni’ volte a metterlo in condizione di ‘vedere l’effettivo stato delle cose’ (vidyā). Per il rigore logico e la coerenza procedurale di tale sequenza, che richiama la celebre formula del caturāryasatya, l’ho assunta come criterio di articolazione del presente lavoro, suddiviso in quattro capitoli: il primo è dedicato all’illustrazione dei sintomi di avidyā, vale a dire delle molteplici forme di ‘cecità’ che inducono il soggetto a distinguere e separare le ‘cause’ dagli ‘effetti’ e gli ‘atti’ dai ‘frutti’, perdendo di vista il continuum ‘pratico’ che informa il suo vissuto; nel secondo capitolo analizzo la genesi di tale disturbo della ‘visione’, mostrando come esso condizioni tanto il modo in cui il soggetto fa esperienza delle cose ‘fuori da sé’, quanto di quelle ‘interne a sé’; nel terzo capitolo tratto le condizioni del possibile arresto (nirodha) di avidyā; il quarto capitolo, infine, è dedicato a una disamina dettagliata di alcuni esercizi ricavati dallo Śālistambasūtra, vere e proprie ‘vignette’ didattiche destinate al recupero della ‘vista’. Al lavoro suddetto seguono varie appendici: quelle dedicate all’edizione e alla traduzione del testo sanscrito dello Śālistambasūtra; quelle destinate alla rassegna dei suoi testimoni cinesi; quelle contenenti la traduzione di porzioni di opere di altri autori in cui è citata e discussa la formula del pratītyasamutpāda presentata nello Śālistambasūtra. I materiali raccolti in questa sezione del lavoro forniscono un inedito apparato intertestuale, che documenta e ricostruisce una porzione significativa della lunga storia della ricezione dello Śālistambasūtra, sia in ambito sudasiatico che sinico.
Il seme della prassi, il frutto della teoria. Sui rimedi ortottici dello Śālistambasūtra / Maria Electra Pacini , 2026 May 06. 38. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2024/2025.
Il seme della prassi, il frutto della teoria. Sui rimedi ortottici dello Śālistambasūtra.
PACINI, MARIA ELECTRA
2026
Abstract
This study takes as its starting point the Śālistambasūtra (‘The Sūtra of the Rice Seedling’), a text transmitted over centuries, whose earliest redaction is estimated to date at least to the late second century CE. The work has come down to us through numerous quotations preserved in Sanskrit sources and has been reconstructed on the basis of its parallels in the suttas of the pāli canon, its chinese translations, and later tibetan versions. The central theme of the text is pratītyasamutpāda, a modal principle of cardinal importance, often interpreted today in ethical-ecological terms and understood as the principle by which phenomena are mutually related and interdependent. In the course of this research, I verified the central role that the author of the Śālistambasūtra assigns to pratītyasamutpāda, placing it at the foundation of the text’s structure and employing it as the generative principle of its lexical and stylistic choices. These features led me to take seriously the statements of traditional commentators who held that the teaching of pratītyasamutpāda should be regarded as the main purpose of the Śālistambasūtra. The text may thus be understood as a pedagogical device intended to make its recipient aware of the actual conditions under which perceptual, reflective, and affective experience unfolds. In its opening pericopes, the Śālistambasūtra itself stresses the importance of recognizing the modal condition known as pratītyasamutpāda. When such awareness fails, the subject suffers from a disorder of ‘vision’ — here termed avidyā — which compromises judgment and leads to an overvaluation of abstract knowledge and an undervaluation of sensory perception and practice. To counter these effects, the pericopes of the Śālistambasūtra are arranged as a structured sequence of exercises and stimuli designed to enable the practitioner to ‘see the actual state of things’ (vidyā). Because of the logical rigor and procedural coherence of this sequence — recalling the well-known formula of the caturāryasatya — I have adopted it as the organizing criterion of the present work, divided into four chapters. The first describes the symptoms of avidyā, the various forms of ‘blindness’ that induce the subject to separate ‘causes’ from ‘effects’ and ‘acts’ from ‘fruits’, thereby losing sight of the practical continuum informing lived experience. The second examines the genesis of this disturbance and its conditioning of both external and internal experience. The third discusses the conditions for the possible cessation (nirodha) of avidyā, while the fourth offers a detailed analysis of several exercises drawn from the Śālistambasūtra: genuine pedagogical ‘vignettes’ aimed at restoring vision. The work concludes with several appendices: those devoted to the edition and translation of the sanskrit text of the Śālistambasūtra; those reviewing its chinese witnesses; and those containing translations of passages from other authors who cite or discuss the formula of pratītyasamutpāda as presented in the Śālistambasūtra. The collected materials provide a new intertextual apparatus that documents and reconstructs a significant portion of the long history of the Śālistambasūtra’s reception in both South Asian and sinitic contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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