A judicial body of primary significance within the legal order of the Early Modern, the ordinary ecclesiastical court constitutes the central focus of the present inquiry, which seeks to reconstruct its institutional framework and concrete functioning, while simultaneously treating it as the “defendant” in an ideal process of scholarly cognition. The study stands at the intersection of canon law history, procedural law, and the judicial institutions of the early modern period, concentrating on the Kingdom of Sicily during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with particular attention to the post-Tridentine era, a decisive phase in the redefinition of ecclesiastical powers and their dialectical interaction with secular authorities. The analysis revolves around the triad of the ecclesiastical forum’s competences – by subject matter, by function, and by territory – adopting as its methodological benchmark the evolution of the diocesan synodal decree, the primary normative source which, within each diocese, delimited the scope of episcopal jurisdiction. Such material competence, subject to significant local variations, allowed for a pragmatic adaptation of canon law to the pastoral and disciplinary needs of the territory, whereas the functional competence, though formally uniform, often gave rise to jurisdictional tensions and a dense body of litigation concerning conflictus competentiae. With a view to a comparative reconstruction, the research focuses on five ordinary ecclesiastical courts – Catania, Cefalù, Patti, Lipari, and Malta – all within the metropolitan spheres of Monreale, Messina, and Palermo. Through a systematic archival investigation of diocesan judicial records, the work offers both a quantitative and qualitative analysis of procedural sources, examining episcopal mandates, the most recurrent charges, and the sociological composition of defendants, distinguished among regular clergy, secular clergy, and laypersons. The ultimate aim is to delineate, through comparative method, the jurisdictional physiognomy of the Sicilian episcopal forum, highlighting its dual nature as both a spiritual tribunal and a disciplinary institution, as well as the progressive institutionalization of ecclesiastical justice as an instrument of pastoral governance. The overall outcome reveals a complex interaction between norm and praxis, in which the bishop’s judicial function emerges as a tangible exercise of authority, directed both toward the safeguarding of moral order and the consolidation of diocesan power within a framework of profound institutional transformation.
Organo giurisdizionale di primaria rilevanza nell’ordinamento dell’antico regime, il foro ecclesiastico ordinario rappresenta il cardine della presente indagine, la quale si propone di ricostruirne l’assetto istituzionale e il funzionamento concreto, configurandolo al contempo quale “imputato” di un ideale processo di cognizione scientifica. Lo studio si colloca all’incrocio tra storia del diritto canonico, diritto processuale e istituzioni giudiziarie dell’età moderna, e si concentra sul Regno di Sicilia nei secoli XVI e XVII, con particolare attenzione al periodo post-tridentino, fase cruciale nella ridefinizione dei poteri ecclesiastici e nella loro dialettica con le autorità secolari. L’analisi si articola attorno alla triade delle competenze del foro ecclesiastico – per materia, per funzione e per territorio – assumendo come parametro metodologico l’evoluzione del decreto sinodale diocesano, fonte normativa primaria che, entro ciascuna diocesi, delimitava i confini del giudicabile episcopale. Tale competenza per materia, soggetta a notevoli oscillazioni locali, consentiva un adattamento pragmatico dell’ordinamento canonico alle esigenze pastorali e disciplinari del territorio, mentre la competenza funzionale, formalmente uniforme, generava frequenti tensioni con altre sedi giurisdizionali, dando luogo a un fitto contenzioso in materia di conflictus competentiae. Nell’ottica di una ricostruzione comparata, la ricerca assume a oggetto cinque fori ecclesiastici ordinari: Catania, Cefalù, Patti, Lipari e Malta, tutte corti suffraganee delle sedi metropolitane di Monreale, Messina e Palermo. Attraverso un’indagine archivistica sistematica dei fondi giudiziari diocesani, l’opera propone un’analisi quantitativa e qualitativa delle fonti processuali, valorizzando le istruzioni ex mandato episcopali, i capi d’imputazione più ricorrenti e la composizione sociologica degli imputati, distinta tra clero regolare, secolare e laicato. L’obiettivo è quello di delineare, con metodo comparativo, la fisionomia giurisdizionale del foro vescovile siciliano, mettendo in luce la sua duplice natura di tribunale spirituale e di organo disciplinare, nonché la progressiva istituzionalizzazione della giustizia ecclesiastica come strumento di governo pastorale. L’esito complessivo rivela un quadro di complessa interazione tra norma e prassi, nel quale la funzione giudicante del vescovo si traduce in un esercizio concreto di potere, volto tanto alla tutela dell’ordine morale quanto al consolidamento dell’autorità diocesana in un contesto di profonda trasformazione istituzionale.
La giurisdizione criminale dei tribunali diocesani. Istituzioni e diritto processuale tra Sicilia e Malta (ss. XVI-XVII) / Andrea Profeta , 2026 May 05. 38. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2024/2025.
La giurisdizione criminale dei tribunali diocesani. Istituzioni e diritto processuale tra Sicilia e Malta (ss. XVI-XVII).
PROFETA, ANDREA
2026
Abstract
A judicial body of primary significance within the legal order of the Early Modern, the ordinary ecclesiastical court constitutes the central focus of the present inquiry, which seeks to reconstruct its institutional framework and concrete functioning, while simultaneously treating it as the “defendant” in an ideal process of scholarly cognition. The study stands at the intersection of canon law history, procedural law, and the judicial institutions of the early modern period, concentrating on the Kingdom of Sicily during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with particular attention to the post-Tridentine era, a decisive phase in the redefinition of ecclesiastical powers and their dialectical interaction with secular authorities. The analysis revolves around the triad of the ecclesiastical forum’s competences – by subject matter, by function, and by territory – adopting as its methodological benchmark the evolution of the diocesan synodal decree, the primary normative source which, within each diocese, delimited the scope of episcopal jurisdiction. Such material competence, subject to significant local variations, allowed for a pragmatic adaptation of canon law to the pastoral and disciplinary needs of the territory, whereas the functional competence, though formally uniform, often gave rise to jurisdictional tensions and a dense body of litigation concerning conflictus competentiae. With a view to a comparative reconstruction, the research focuses on five ordinary ecclesiastical courts – Catania, Cefalù, Patti, Lipari, and Malta – all within the metropolitan spheres of Monreale, Messina, and Palermo. Through a systematic archival investigation of diocesan judicial records, the work offers both a quantitative and qualitative analysis of procedural sources, examining episcopal mandates, the most recurrent charges, and the sociological composition of defendants, distinguished among regular clergy, secular clergy, and laypersons. The ultimate aim is to delineate, through comparative method, the jurisdictional physiognomy of the Sicilian episcopal forum, highlighting its dual nature as both a spiritual tribunal and a disciplinary institution, as well as the progressive institutionalization of ecclesiastical justice as an instrument of pastoral governance. The overall outcome reveals a complex interaction between norm and praxis, in which the bishop’s judicial function emerges as a tangible exercise of authority, directed both toward the safeguarding of moral order and the consolidation of diocesan power within a framework of profound institutional transformation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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