Onion, Allium cepa L., is one of the most economically important horticultural crops, globally appreciated for its peculiar taste and beneficial properties, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant and effectiveness against cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of flavonoids. Stemphylium Leaf Blight (SLB), caused by the ascomycete Stemphylium vesicarium (teleomorph: Pleospora allii) is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting onion worldwide. The most common symptom is the complete desiccation of leaves that is responsible for the reduction in bulb size and, consequently, the decrease of marketable yield. In 2019, S. vesicarium was detected in onions for the first time in Northern Italy. The lack of approved Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, the increasing demand to limit the use of synthetic fungicides and the development of pathogen populations resistant to fungicides highlight the needs for alternative strategies to the extensive use of fungicides, such as breeding of resistant/tolerant onion varieties to be used alongside agronomic and biological control approaches. To better understand the pathogen biology, S. vesicarium isolates were collected and characterized from different Italian geographical areas. Preliminary studies were carried out to investigate the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of S. vesicarium through the implementation of protocols for: i) quantitative production of fungal inocula, ii) experimental inoculation of the specific pathogen in planta, and iii) phenotype evaluation of onion lines showing tolerance/resistance to SLB in both controlled and in semi-field conditions. During the cropping season 2022, a phenotype screening was conducted in high-tunnel cold frame conditions involving 15 onion lines provided by the seed company Cora Seeds s.r.l. (Cesena), to identify susceptible and potentially tolerant lines to be used in breeding programs. Based on these results, hybrids were generated by crossing, in a controlled environment, two susceptible with two tolerant onion lines, as follows: F1A = Parental Line 1 (tolerant) × Parental Line 2 (susceptible); F1B = Parental Line 3 (tolerant) × Parental Line 4 (susceptible). During the cropping season 2023, these hybrids were assessed for their SLB phenotype to investigate the transmission and dominance of tolerant/susceptible traits. Subsequently, two F2 segregating populations were generated under controlled conditions by self-pollinating F1A and F1B, respectively. From each F2 plantlet (100 genotypes from population 1 and 37 genotypes from population 2, respectively), non-destructive leaf sampling and Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) analysis were performed in collaboration with The Elshire Group Ltd. (Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand) followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the whole genome. Then, F2-derived F3 families were obtained by self-pollination and further evaluated in semi-field conditions for SLB phenotype analysis. A preliminary genetic association analysis was carried out using the public available onion reference genome assembly for the development of future onion breeding programs. The present study i) investigated the genetic variability associated with resistance against SLB in onion, ii) revealed important information on the genetic basis of the resistance trait, and iii) clearly reported the study’s limitations, laying the foundations for further, improved investigations. Although the chromosomal regions associated with SLB resistance could not be identified, the moderately resistant onion source discovered may be used, in combination with integrated management strategies, to minimize crop losses caused by SLB in the absence of certified resistant cultivars.
La cipolla, Allium cepa L., è una delle colture orticole economicamente più importanti, apprezzata per le sue qualità organolettiche e le sue proprietà benefiche, dovute alla presenza di sostanze fenoliche, responsabili dell’attività antimicrobica e antiossidante ed efficaci nel controllo delle malattie cardiovascolari. Il disseccamento fogliare della cipolla, Stemphylium Leaf Blight (SLB), causato dall’ascomicete Stemphylium vesicarium (teleomorfo: Pleospora allii), è una delle malattie fogliari che più impattano la produzione di cipolla a livello globale. Il prematuro disseccamento dell’apparato fogliare causa, infatti, la riduzione della pezzatura del bulbo e delle produzioni. Nel 2019, S. vesicarium è stato trovato in nord Italia per la prima volta su cipolla. L’assenza di principi attivi autorizzati atti al contenimento della malattia, la restrizione sull’impiego di fungicidi di sintesi e lo sviluppo di popolazioni di S. vesicarium resistenti ai fungici, spingono alla ricerca di alternative all’uso estensivo dei fungicidi, come la selezione di varietà di cipolla tolleranti/resistenti da impiegare insieme ad approcci agronomici e al controllo biologico. Per comprendere la biologia del patogeno, isolati di S. vesicarium sono stati collezionati da differenti aree geografiche italiane. Studi preliminari sono stati condotti per indagare sulla virulenza di S. vesicarium attraverso l’implementazione di protocolli per i) la produzione quantitativa di inoculi fungini, ii) l’inoculazione artificiale in planta, e iii) la valutazione fenotipica di linee di cipolla che mostrano tolleranza/resistenza a SLB in condizioni controllate e di semi-campo. Durante la stagione colturale 2022, è stato condotto uno screening fenotipico in condizioni di semi-campo su 15 linee di cipolla fornite dall’azienda sementiera Cora Seeds S.r.l. (Cesena), con lo scopo di identificare linee suscettibili e potenzialmente tolleranti, da impiegare in programmi di breeding. Sulla base di questi risultati, sono stati generati ibridi dall’incrocio di due linee di cipolla suscettibili con due tolleranti, come segue: F1A = Parentale 1 (tollerante) × Parentale 2 (suscettibile); F1B = Parentale 3 (tollerante) × Parentale 4 (suscettibile). Durante la stagione colturale 2023, questi ibridi sono stati fenotipizzati per indagare sulla trasmissione e dominanza dei caratteri di tolleranza/suscettibilità. Successivamente, due popolazioni segreganti F2 sono state generate mediante l’autoimpollinazione rispettivamente di F1A and F1B. Da ogni plantula F2 (100 individui della Popolazione 1 e 37 della Popolazione 2), sono stati eseguiti campionamenti non distruttivi e analisi di genotipizzazione mediante la tecnica di Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) in collaborazione con The Elshire Group Ltd. (Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand), seguiti da analisi bioinformatiche per identificare Polimorfismi a Singolo Nucleotide (SNPs) distribuiti sull’intero genoma. Successivamente, sono state ottenute famiglie di seme di generazione F3 da singola pianta F2, che sono state sottoposte ad un ulteriore screening fenotipico per la tolleranza a SLB, in tunnel. È stata infine condotta un’analisi preliminare di associazione genetica con le informazioni genetiche disponibili. Il presente studio i) ha indagato sulla variabilità genetica associata alla resistenza a SLB, ii) ha rivelato importanti informazioni sulla base genetica del tratto di resistenza e iii) ha riportato chiaramente i limiti dello studio, come base per ricerche successive. In assenza dell’identificazione della regione cromosomica associata alla resistenza, la linea di cipolla moderatamente resistente identificata può essere impiegata per limitare le perdite causate da SLB, in assenza di altre varietà certificate come resistenti.
Identificazione e impiego di possibili fonti di resistenza al disseccamento fogliare di Stemphylium vesicarium in cipolla (Allium cepa L.) / Marina Cortiello , 2026 Apr 16. 37. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2023/2024.
Identificazione e impiego di possibili fonti di resistenza al disseccamento fogliare di Stemphylium vesicarium in cipolla (Allium cepa L.)
CORTIELLO, Marina
2026
Abstract
Onion, Allium cepa L., is one of the most economically important horticultural crops, globally appreciated for its peculiar taste and beneficial properties, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant and effectiveness against cardiovascular diseases due to the presence of flavonoids. Stemphylium Leaf Blight (SLB), caused by the ascomycete Stemphylium vesicarium (teleomorph: Pleospora allii) is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting onion worldwide. The most common symptom is the complete desiccation of leaves that is responsible for the reduction in bulb size and, consequently, the decrease of marketable yield. In 2019, S. vesicarium was detected in onions for the first time in Northern Italy. The lack of approved Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, the increasing demand to limit the use of synthetic fungicides and the development of pathogen populations resistant to fungicides highlight the needs for alternative strategies to the extensive use of fungicides, such as breeding of resistant/tolerant onion varieties to be used alongside agronomic and biological control approaches. To better understand the pathogen biology, S. vesicarium isolates were collected and characterized from different Italian geographical areas. Preliminary studies were carried out to investigate the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of S. vesicarium through the implementation of protocols for: i) quantitative production of fungal inocula, ii) experimental inoculation of the specific pathogen in planta, and iii) phenotype evaluation of onion lines showing tolerance/resistance to SLB in both controlled and in semi-field conditions. During the cropping season 2022, a phenotype screening was conducted in high-tunnel cold frame conditions involving 15 onion lines provided by the seed company Cora Seeds s.r.l. (Cesena), to identify susceptible and potentially tolerant lines to be used in breeding programs. Based on these results, hybrids were generated by crossing, in a controlled environment, two susceptible with two tolerant onion lines, as follows: F1A = Parental Line 1 (tolerant) × Parental Line 2 (susceptible); F1B = Parental Line 3 (tolerant) × Parental Line 4 (susceptible). During the cropping season 2023, these hybrids were assessed for their SLB phenotype to investigate the transmission and dominance of tolerant/susceptible traits. Subsequently, two F2 segregating populations were generated under controlled conditions by self-pollinating F1A and F1B, respectively. From each F2 plantlet (100 genotypes from population 1 and 37 genotypes from population 2, respectively), non-destructive leaf sampling and Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) analysis were performed in collaboration with The Elshire Group Ltd. (Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand) followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the whole genome. Then, F2-derived F3 families were obtained by self-pollination and further evaluated in semi-field conditions for SLB phenotype analysis. A preliminary genetic association analysis was carried out using the public available onion reference genome assembly for the development of future onion breeding programs. The present study i) investigated the genetic variability associated with resistance against SLB in onion, ii) revealed important information on the genetic basis of the resistance trait, and iii) clearly reported the study’s limitations, laying the foundations for further, improved investigations. Although the chromosomal regions associated with SLB resistance could not be identified, the moderately resistant onion source discovered may be used, in combination with integrated management strategies, to minimize crop losses caused by SLB in the absence of certified resistant cultivars.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cortiello.pdf
embargo fino al 15/04/2029
Descrizione: Cortiello.Marina.pdf
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione
6.3 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
6.3 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
Pubblicazioni consigliate

I metadati presenti in IRIS UNIMORE sono rilasciati con licenza Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal, mentre i file delle pubblicazioni sono rilasciati con licenza Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale (CC BY 4.0), salvo diversa indicazione.
In caso di violazione di copyright, contattare Supporto Iris




