The overarching theme of this study concerns amazons, hermaphrodites, “masculine” women, and “feminine” men. These figures occupy a noticeable role in German literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and are ambivalent as well as enigmatic from a gender-oriented point of view. Their features converge with the medical and sociological discourses of the Enlightenment and the Classical period regarding the body and the adequate roles for women and men. At the same time, these ambiguous figures possess an aesthetic dimension: they are connected to the literature, myth, and visual arts of classical antiquity, and consequently to debates regarding classical aesthetics during the examined age. Literary works by Lessing, Goethe, and Kleist illustrate this characteristic of joining aesthetic and non-literary gender stances. After a thorough breakdown of key literature resources, the study offers a methodological outline for cultural and critical studies. The nucleus of the analysis investigates the chosen works by laying particular emphasis on gender studies and literary links among texts. The analysis reveals the presence of gender ambiguity in the analysed literary era and, more specifically, in the works considered. It also shows that the concept of “gender” is prone to change and that the protagonists and the issues brought forward by these authors have facilitated the re-enactment as well as the questioning of aesthetic norms. The analysis might give rise to insightful theories that, in the long run, can explain uncanonical subjectivity and the pursuit of new role models that would emerge in the centuries to follow. The conceptual implications of the analysis bring about new interpretations of gender identity discourses, supporting a subversion of generic distinctions and revealing the centrality of the transformation of gender identity to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literary expression in Germany.
Amazzoni, ermafroditi, donne “mascoline” e uomini “femminili” sono figure che occupano una posizione di rilievo nella letteratura tedesca a cavallo tra il tardo Settecento e il primo Ottocento. Tali personaggi, connotati da un’ambiguità di genere piuttosto marcata, emergono in vari contesti e si intersecano nelle dissertazioni mediche e sociologiche durante l’Illuminismo e il Classicismo. Ciononostante, personaggi come ermafroditi, amazzoni e figure dai caratteri ambigui possiedono una dimensione estetica ossia sono, di fatto, legati alla letteratura, al mito e alle arti visive dell’antichità classica e, di conseguenza, ai dibattiti inerenti all’estetismo del XVIII e XVIV secolo. Le opere di Lessing, Goethe e Kleist in oggetto incarnano la tendenza ad accorpare interpretazioni di genere sia da un punto di vista estetico sia da un punto di vista non strettamente letterario. Dopo un’accurata analisi delle principali fonti letterarie, lo studio offre un modello metodologico per gli studi culturali e critici. Il nucleo dell’analisi indaga le opere scelte ponendo particolare enfasi sui gender studies e sulle connessioni intertestuali. L’indagine rivela la presenza di ambiguità di genere nell’epoca letteraria analizzata e, più specificamente, nelle opere prese in considerazione. Il lavoro presente mostra, inoltre, che il concetto di “genere” è soggetto a cambiamenti e che lo studio dei protagonisti e delle tematiche affrontate contribuisce a presentare approcci letterari che mettono in discussione e reinterpretano le norme estetiche coeve. Di conseguenza, l’analisi potrebbe consentire la formulazione di teorie originali sulla soggettività non canonica e sul sovvertimento dei ruoli. Le implicazioni concettuali dell’indagine portano a nuove interpretazioni sulle distinzioni tra maschile e femminile, rivelando la centralità della trasformazione dell’identità di genere nell’espressione letteraria tedesca del XVIII e XIX secolo.
Ambiguità di genere e caratteri identitari in Lessing, Goethe e Kleist / Riccardo Bettini , 2024 May 27. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.
Ambiguità di genere e caratteri identitari in Lessing, Goethe e Kleist
BETTINI, Riccardo
2024
Abstract
The overarching theme of this study concerns amazons, hermaphrodites, “masculine” women, and “feminine” men. These figures occupy a noticeable role in German literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and are ambivalent as well as enigmatic from a gender-oriented point of view. Their features converge with the medical and sociological discourses of the Enlightenment and the Classical period regarding the body and the adequate roles for women and men. At the same time, these ambiguous figures possess an aesthetic dimension: they are connected to the literature, myth, and visual arts of classical antiquity, and consequently to debates regarding classical aesthetics during the examined age. Literary works by Lessing, Goethe, and Kleist illustrate this characteristic of joining aesthetic and non-literary gender stances. After a thorough breakdown of key literature resources, the study offers a methodological outline for cultural and critical studies. The nucleus of the analysis investigates the chosen works by laying particular emphasis on gender studies and literary links among texts. The analysis reveals the presence of gender ambiguity in the analysed literary era and, more specifically, in the works considered. It also shows that the concept of “gender” is prone to change and that the protagonists and the issues brought forward by these authors have facilitated the re-enactment as well as the questioning of aesthetic norms. The analysis might give rise to insightful theories that, in the long run, can explain uncanonical subjectivity and the pursuit of new role models that would emerge in the centuries to follow. The conceptual implications of the analysis bring about new interpretations of gender identity discourses, supporting a subversion of generic distinctions and revealing the centrality of the transformation of gender identity to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literary expression in Germany.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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