The spread of COVID-19 has raised interest within many interdisciplinary fields. Researchers in the field of communication have delved into Sinophobic discourses surrounding COVID-19, examining the portrayal of China’s pandemic response in the media (Jia & Lu, 2021;). Recent studies on Sinophobic discourses have revealed the presence of belligerent (Qi et al., 2021) and dehumanising (Lee, 2021) metaphors used to frame China in various media sources. Despite the recurrence of negative metaphorical frames used to portray China and its social actors, little attention has been paid in the literature to how metaphor and Sinophobia can potentially intersect in news discourse. This corpus-assisted discourse study (Partington, 2013) aims to investigate the specific role played by metaphors in shaping COVID-19-related Sinophobic discourses in American, Australian, and Italian newspapers during the first six months of 2020. The analysis combines methodologies of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis to provide more insights into how Sinophobic discourses can be metaphorically constructed. A purpose-built corpus of news reports and editorials on China published in the first six months of 2020 in comparable American, Australian and Italian newspapers was created producing the three corpora of more than one million tokens each. Given the large size of the corpora, corpus-based methods were employed to find metaphors. Specifically, the corpus was analysed using WMatrix 5 (Rayson, 2008) and #Lancsbox (Brezina et al., 2020), to investigate semantic domains and collocations. Metaphors were recognised following an adapted version of the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) (Pragglejaz Group, 2007). Once the metaphors were recognised, their functions were carefully examined by referring to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and the concept of scenarios outlined by Musolff (2006). Results suggest that animal and violence metaphors were extensively used to frame China in the corpora. Metaphors seemed to be used to reinforce a strong dichotomy between Western countries and China and to discursively create two contrasting groups, a victimised in-group that was subjected to the attacks and threats of the out-group. The Australian and American corpora seemed to share highly negative metaphorical frames, while the Italian corpus presented different source frames, such as that of SPORT.

La diffusione del COVID-19 ha suscitato interesse in molti campi interdisciplinari. Alcuni studi hanno esaminato la rappresentazione mediatica della Cina nei media occidentali (Sun, 2021), concentrandosi sulla rappresentazione della gestione della pandemia da parte della Cina nella stampa (Jia & Lu, 2021; Zhang & Shaw, 2021). Inoltre, alcuni studi sul linguaggio figurativo hanno analizzato le rappresentazioni metaforiche del COVID-19 (Semino, 2021) evidenziando il ruolo cruciale dei frame metaforici nella comunicazione della crisi sanitaria (Charteris-Black, 2021). I recenti studi sulla rappresentazione della Cina e possibili discorsi sinofobici hanno rivelato la presenza di metafore guerresche (Qi et al., 2021) e deumanizzanti (Lee, 2021) nei discorsi mediatici sulla Cina. Nonostante la ricorrenza di questi frame metaforici negativi utilizzati per descrivere la Cina e i suoi attori sociali in vari media, nella letteratura è stata prestata poca attenzione a come metafore e sinofobia possano potenzialmente intersecarsi nel discorso giornalistico. Questo studio corpus-assisted (Partington, 2013) mira a indagare il ruolo specifico svolto dalle metafore nella formazione dei discorsi sinofobici legati al COVID-19 in giornali americani, australiani e italiani durante i primi sei mesi del 2020. L’analisi combina metodologie della linguistica dei corpora e analisi critica del discorso per esplorare come i discorsi sinofobici possano essere costruiti attraverso l’uso delle metafore. In particolare, sono stati creati tre corpora ad hoc di articoli di cronaca e commenti editoriali sulla Cina pubblicati nei primi sei mesi del 2020 in quotidiani americani, australiani e italiani, producendo tre corpora di più di un milione di parole ciascuno. Data la vasta dimensione dei corpora, WMatrix 5 (Rayson, 2008) e #Lancsbox 6 (Brezina et al., 2020) sono stati utilizzati per identificare campi semantici e collocazioni che sono stati successivamente analizzati per trovare parole utilizzate in senso metaforico. Per determinare l’utilizzo metaforico delle parole, si ha fatto riferimento a una versione adattata della Procedura di Identificazione della Metafora (MIP) (Pragglejaz Group, 2007). Successivamente, sono state esaminate attentamente le funzioni delle metafore nei discorsi giornalistici. I risultati suggeriscono che le metafore di animali e violenza sono state ampiamente utilizzate per rappresentare la Cina nei tre corpora. Nello specifico, le metafore sembrano essere state utilizzate per creare e rafforzare una forte dicotomia tra i paesi occidentali e la Cina, e per creare discorsivamente due gruppi contrastanti, un gruppo interno vittimizzato che era sottoposto agli attacchi e alle minacce del gruppo esterno. I corpora di testi australiani e americani sembrano condividere frame metaforici altamente negativi, mentre nel corpus italiano sono state trovate diversi frame, come quello dello SPORT.

Metafora e Sinofobia: Uno studio comparativo sulle rappresentazioni metaforiche della Cina in corpora di giornali americani, australiani e italiani durante la pandemia di COVID-19 / Ilaria Iori , 2024 May 27. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.

Metafora e Sinofobia: Uno studio comparativo sulle rappresentazioni metaforiche della Cina in corpora di giornali americani, australiani e italiani durante la pandemia di COVID-19

IORI, ILARIA
2024

Abstract

The spread of COVID-19 has raised interest within many interdisciplinary fields. Researchers in the field of communication have delved into Sinophobic discourses surrounding COVID-19, examining the portrayal of China’s pandemic response in the media (Jia & Lu, 2021;). Recent studies on Sinophobic discourses have revealed the presence of belligerent (Qi et al., 2021) and dehumanising (Lee, 2021) metaphors used to frame China in various media sources. Despite the recurrence of negative metaphorical frames used to portray China and its social actors, little attention has been paid in the literature to how metaphor and Sinophobia can potentially intersect in news discourse. This corpus-assisted discourse study (Partington, 2013) aims to investigate the specific role played by metaphors in shaping COVID-19-related Sinophobic discourses in American, Australian, and Italian newspapers during the first six months of 2020. The analysis combines methodologies of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis to provide more insights into how Sinophobic discourses can be metaphorically constructed. A purpose-built corpus of news reports and editorials on China published in the first six months of 2020 in comparable American, Australian and Italian newspapers was created producing the three corpora of more than one million tokens each. Given the large size of the corpora, corpus-based methods were employed to find metaphors. Specifically, the corpus was analysed using WMatrix 5 (Rayson, 2008) and #Lancsbox (Brezina et al., 2020), to investigate semantic domains and collocations. Metaphors were recognised following an adapted version of the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) (Pragglejaz Group, 2007). Once the metaphors were recognised, their functions were carefully examined by referring to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and the concept of scenarios outlined by Musolff (2006). Results suggest that animal and violence metaphors were extensively used to frame China in the corpora. Metaphors seemed to be used to reinforce a strong dichotomy between Western countries and China and to discursively create two contrasting groups, a victimised in-group that was subjected to the attacks and threats of the out-group. The Australian and American corpora seemed to share highly negative metaphorical frames, while the Italian corpus presented different source frames, such as that of SPORT.
Metaphor and Sinophobia: A comparative corpus-assisted study of metaphorical representations of China in American, Australian and Italian newspapers during the COVID-19 pandemic
27-mag-2024
BONDI, Marina
POPPI, Franca
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1340887
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