The study, started from collaboration between the Ph.D. School in Reggio Childhood Studies at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, the Reggio Children Foundation, and the Research and Intervention Laboratory in Family Education at the University of Padua, focuses on the protection of Children’s Rights in contexts influenced by mafia culture and violence. In territories marked by mafia culture and violence, children are directly or indirectly involved in criminal organizations, often becoming trapped in a complex duality, both agents and victims of a criminal system from early childhood. The "mafia pedagogy" in which they are immersed socializes them within a family and local context characterized by illegality, marginalization, violence, educational poverty, and youth unemployment (Cederna, 2015; Panizza, 2017; Schermi, 2010). Through a quantitative-qualitative analysis of measures adopted by the Juvenile Court of Reggio Calabria from 2012 to 2020 within the “Liberi di Scegliere” (Free to Choose) project (Di Bella, Surace, 2019), the study seeks to answer the research question: What forms of Children Rights protection have been implemented through measures related to the “Liberi di Scegliere” project in mafia-influenced family contexts? What trajectories have the minors involved in these measures taken as a result? What outcomes have they produced and through what processes? What narratives of this experience have the protagonists (minors themselves, parents, foster families, professionals, etc.) constructed? Therefore, the thesis aims to explore, through a significant corpus of collected voices, the possibility of reconciling Children’s Right to grow up in a safe family environment (ONU, 1989, art. 3) with the right to support for parenthood (ONU, 1989, art. 18) and analyzes how and through what intervention methods the welfare system could achieve this reconciliation. The methodological approach adopted in this study follows a mixed explanatory model with sequential phases (Trinchero, Robasto, 2019). Firstly, an exploratory quantitative study was conducted to define the population of interest. And then, five case studies were conducted combining the multiple case study method (Stake, 2006) and the biographical narrative inquiry method (Merrill, West, 2012). The analysis of the biographical trajectories of five children in four families involved in the experience of Juvenile Justice in Reggio Calabria through “Liberi di Scegliere”, a pioneering initiative in Italy that has integrally addressed an issue long of concern to juvenile judges in the South (Occhiogrosso, 1991). Revealed the possibility of developing interventions aimed at supporting positive parenthood and overcoming what this study defines as “mafia vulnerability”. This vulnerability manifests as a complex combination of physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors, which, when combined with the mafia method, lead to a specific form of social vulnerability. Among these factors are instability and uncertainty due to territorial control struggles, the fear of arrest or death, guilt and shame associated with criminal behaviors, coupled with the loneliness and isolation characteristic of life in hiding, as in the case of fugitive parents. The knowledge acquired through this research constitutes an initial empirical basis for the development of targeted social interventions to provide support to families involved in this specific form of vulnerability, rather than solely to minors. In this perspective, a preliminary reflection is proposed on an adaptation hypothesis of the P.I.P.P.I. Program (Milani, 2022) as a tool to identify and implement concrete forms of intervention that can effectively support the complexity of the biographies of children and parents living in mafia vulnerability contexts.

Lo studio, nato dalla collaborazione tra la Scuola di Dottorato in Reggio Childhood Studies dell’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, la Fondazione Reggio Children e il Laboratorio di Ricerca e Intervento in Educazione Familiare dell’Università di Padova, si concentra sulla tutela dei diritti dei bambini in contesti mafiosi. Nei territori segnati dalla cultura i bambini sono direttamente o indirettamente coinvolti nell’organizzazione criminale, finendo spesso intrappolati in una complessa dualità, agenti e vittime di un sistema criminale sin dai primi anni di vita. La pedagogia mafiosa nella quale sono immersi li socializza in un contesto familiare e locale contrassegnato da illegalità, emarginazione, violenza, povertà educativa e disoccupazione giovanile (Cederna, 2015; Panizza, 2017; Schermi, 2010). Attraverso un’analisi quanti-qualitativa delle misure adottate dal Tribunale per i Minorenni di Reggio Calabria nel periodo 2012-2020 con il Liberi di Scegliere (Di Bella, Surace, 2019), lo studio cerca di rispondere alla domanda di ricerca: quali forme di protezione dei diritti dell’infanzia sono state attuate tramite i provvedimenti relativi al progetto Liberi di scegliere nei contesti familiari mafiosi? Quale direzione hanno preso le traiettorie biografiche dei minorenni coinvolti in queste misure, conseguentemente ad esse? Quali esiti hanno sortito e in base a quali processi? Quali sono le narrazioni di questa esperienza che i protagonisti, nel loro complesso (bambini, genitori, famiglie affidatarie, operatori, ecc.), ne hanno costruito? La tesi, pertanto, intende esplorare, grazie a un importante corpus di voci raccolte, la possibilità di coniugare il diritto dei bambini a crescere in un ambiente familiare sicuro (ONU, 1989, art. 3) con il diritto al sostegno alla genitorialità (Ibid., art. 18) e analizza come e attraverso quali modalità di intervento il sistema di welfare potrebbe attuare questa coniugazione. L’approccio metodologico adottato in questo studio segue un modello misto esplicativo con fasi sequenziali (Trinchero, Robasto, 2019). In una prima fase, è stato condotto uno studio quantitativo al fine di definire la popolazione di interesse. Successivamente, sono stati realizzati cinque studi di caso, combinando il metodo del caso studio multiplo (Stake, 2006) con il metodo di indagine basato sul racconto biografico (Merrill, West, 2012). L’analisi delle traiettorie biografiche di 5 bambini in 4 famiglie coinvolte nell’esperienza di Liberi di Scegliere, un’iniziativa pionieristica in Italia che ha affrontato in modo integrato una problematica da tempo fonte di preoccupazione per i Giudici minorili del Meridione (Occhiogrosso, 1991), ha rivelato la possibilità di sviluppare interventi volti a sostenere la genitorialità positiva e ad accompagnare il superamento di ciò che questo studio definisce come “vulnerabilità mafiosa”. Tale vulnerabilità si manifesta come una complessa combinazione di fattori fisici, psicologici, sociali e culturali, che, uniti al metodo mafioso, conducono a una specifica forma di vulnerabilità sociale. Tra questi fattori figurano l’instabilità e l’incertezza dovute alle lotte per il controllo del territorio, la paura di essere arrestati o uccisi, il senso di colpa e la vergogna legati a comportamenti criminali, uniti alla solitudine e all’isolamento che caratterizzano la vita in clandestinità, come nel caso dei genitori latitanti. Le conoscenze acquisite attraverso questa ricerca costituiscono una base empirica per lo sviluppo di interventi sociali mirati a fornire supporto alle famiglie coinvolte in questa specifica forma di vulnerabilità, piuttosto che ai soli minori. In questa prospettiva, viene proposta una prima riflessione su un’ipotesi di adattamento del Programma P.I.P.P.I. (Milani, 2022).

Sfide e prospettive nella tutela dei diritti dell’infanzia in contesti mafiosi: un’analisi delle misure di protezione avviate dal Tribunale per i Minorenni di Reggio Calabria negli anni 2012-2020 / Faustino Rizzo , 2024 May 23. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.

Sfide e prospettive nella tutela dei diritti dell’infanzia in contesti mafiosi: un’analisi delle misure di protezione avviate dal Tribunale per i Minorenni di Reggio Calabria negli anni 2012-2020

RIZZO, FAUSTINO
2024

Abstract

The study, started from collaboration between the Ph.D. School in Reggio Childhood Studies at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, the Reggio Children Foundation, and the Research and Intervention Laboratory in Family Education at the University of Padua, focuses on the protection of Children’s Rights in contexts influenced by mafia culture and violence. In territories marked by mafia culture and violence, children are directly or indirectly involved in criminal organizations, often becoming trapped in a complex duality, both agents and victims of a criminal system from early childhood. The "mafia pedagogy" in which they are immersed socializes them within a family and local context characterized by illegality, marginalization, violence, educational poverty, and youth unemployment (Cederna, 2015; Panizza, 2017; Schermi, 2010). Through a quantitative-qualitative analysis of measures adopted by the Juvenile Court of Reggio Calabria from 2012 to 2020 within the “Liberi di Scegliere” (Free to Choose) project (Di Bella, Surace, 2019), the study seeks to answer the research question: What forms of Children Rights protection have been implemented through measures related to the “Liberi di Scegliere” project in mafia-influenced family contexts? What trajectories have the minors involved in these measures taken as a result? What outcomes have they produced and through what processes? What narratives of this experience have the protagonists (minors themselves, parents, foster families, professionals, etc.) constructed? Therefore, the thesis aims to explore, through a significant corpus of collected voices, the possibility of reconciling Children’s Right to grow up in a safe family environment (ONU, 1989, art. 3) with the right to support for parenthood (ONU, 1989, art. 18) and analyzes how and through what intervention methods the welfare system could achieve this reconciliation. The methodological approach adopted in this study follows a mixed explanatory model with sequential phases (Trinchero, Robasto, 2019). Firstly, an exploratory quantitative study was conducted to define the population of interest. And then, five case studies were conducted combining the multiple case study method (Stake, 2006) and the biographical narrative inquiry method (Merrill, West, 2012). The analysis of the biographical trajectories of five children in four families involved in the experience of Juvenile Justice in Reggio Calabria through “Liberi di Scegliere”, a pioneering initiative in Italy that has integrally addressed an issue long of concern to juvenile judges in the South (Occhiogrosso, 1991). Revealed the possibility of developing interventions aimed at supporting positive parenthood and overcoming what this study defines as “mafia vulnerability”. This vulnerability manifests as a complex combination of physical, psychological, social, and cultural factors, which, when combined with the mafia method, lead to a specific form of social vulnerability. Among these factors are instability and uncertainty due to territorial control struggles, the fear of arrest or death, guilt and shame associated with criminal behaviors, coupled with the loneliness and isolation characteristic of life in hiding, as in the case of fugitive parents. The knowledge acquired through this research constitutes an initial empirical basis for the development of targeted social interventions to provide support to families involved in this specific form of vulnerability, rather than solely to minors. In this perspective, a preliminary reflection is proposed on an adaptation hypothesis of the P.I.P.P.I. Program (Milani, 2022) as a tool to identify and implement concrete forms of intervention that can effectively support the complexity of the biographies of children and parents living in mafia vulnerability contexts.
Challenges and perspectives in protecting Children’s Rights in a Mafia influenced context: An Analysis of Protective Measures Implemented by the Juvenile Court of Reggio Calabria from 2012 to 2020.
23-mag-2024
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