The aim of this research project is to explore what children think about learning, with particular attention to the role of testimony as a reliable source for acquiring knowledge (Harris, 2012). Do 4- and 5-year-old children who experience different pedagogical and educational approaches develop different theories about learning? Do these differences persist when children attend primary school? What strategies do children believe should be used to learn information that is easy, difficult, or impossible to learn on their own? From the children's perspective, can the testimony of other people be a reliable source for acquiring new knowledge? The project consists of two studies. In the first study, interviews were conducted with four groups of preschool (4, 5, 6 years) and primary school children (6, 7, 8 years), for a total of 95 children: the first group consisted of children attending a Reggio Emilia Approach preschool; the second group included children attending a Reggio Emilia preschool but not inspired by the Reggio Emilia Approach; the third group comprised primary school children who had attended a Reggio Emilia Approach preschool; the last group consisted of primary school children who had not attended a Reggio Emilia Approach preschool. This sample was designed to provide a comparison across both pedagogical approaches and children's ages. The responses were analyzed using statistical tests (chi-square tests, 2 X 2 ANOVA, repeated measures multinomial logistic regression). In the second study, interviews were conducted with teachers/pedagogists/pedagogical coordinators from the three schools involved in the project to solicit their interpretations of the results from the first study. The results of Study 1 seem to suggest a positive answer to the research question. There was a significant difference in the perceived role of others in the learning processes: children enrolled in a Reggio Emilia Approach school mentioned peers, both friends and classmates, as partners in their learning, while children in non-Reggio Emilia Approach schools were more inclined to mention themselves as the sole protagonists of their learning. This result was confirmed during interviews with the pedagogist from the Reggio Emilia Approach school, who emphasized the children's tendency to consider peers as fundamental resources in learning. Furthermore, this result aligns with the claimed influence of the socio-constructivist approach in Reggio schools, as explicitly mentioned by the pedagogist of the school. This philosophical inspiration could also explain another result from Study 1: when asked which strategy to apply to learn different types of information, children enrolled in a Reggio Emilia Approach school were significantly more inclined to mention testimony as a method of acquiring knowledge compared to other children. A greater inclination to credit testimony could be explained, once again, by the role of the group in the daily life of Reggio schools, as well as the emphasis that pedagogists and teachers place on creating contexts where mutual listening among children and between children and adults forms the foundation for building a trustful learning space, where democracy is exercised by both adults and children from an early age.
L'obiettivo di questo progetto di ricerca è esplorare ciò che i bambini pensano dell'apprendimento, con particolare attenzione al ruolo della testimonianza come fonte affidabile per acquisire conoscenza (Harris, 2012). I bambini di 4 e 5 anni che sperimentano approcci pedagogici ed educativi diversi sviluppano teorie diverse sull'apprendimento? Queste differenze persistono quando i bambini frequentano la scuola primaria? Quali strategie i bambini pensano che si debbano usare per apprendere informazioni facili, difficili o impossibili da imparare da soli? Dal punto di vista dei bambini, la testimonianza di altre persone può essere una fonte affidabile per acquisire nuove conoscenze? Il progetto si compone di due studi. Nel primo, è stata proposta un'intervista a quattro gruppi di bambini in età prescolare (4, 5, 6 anni) e primaria (6, 7, 8 anni) per un totale di n.95 bambini: il primo gruppo era composto da bambini iscritti una scuola dell'infanzia Reggio Emilia Approach; il secondo gruppo era composto da bambini che frequentavano una scuola dell'infanzia di Reggio Emilia, ma non ispirata al Reggio Emilia Approach; il terzo gruppo era composto da bambini della scuola primaria che avevano frequentato una scuola dell'infanzia del Reggio Emilia Approach; l'ultimo gruppo era composto da bambini della scuola primaria che non avevano frequentato una scuola dell'infanzia del Reggio Emilia Approach. Questo campione è stato progettato per offrire un confronto rispetto sia agli approcci pedagogici sia all'età dei bambini. Le risposte sono state analizzate attraverso test statistici (test chi-quadro, ANOVA 2 X 2, regressione logistica multinomiale a misure ripetute). Nel secondo studio, è stata proposta un'intervista agli insegnanti/pedagogisti/coordinatori pedagogici delle 3 scuole coinvolte nel progetto per sollecitare le loro interpretazioni dei risultati emersi dal primo studio I risultati dello Studio 1 sembrano suggerire una risposta positiva alla domanda di ricerca. È infatti emersa una differenza significativa nel ruolo percepito dagli altri nei processi di apprendimento: i bambini iscritti a una scuola Reggio Emilia Approach hanno menzionato i pari, sia amici che compagni di classe, come partner nel loro apprendimento; i bambini iscritti a scuole non Reggio Emilia Approach sono stati più inclini a menzionare sé stessi come unici protagonisti del proprio apprendimento. Questo risultato è stato confermato quando abbiamo intervistato la pedagogista della scuola Reggio Emilia Approach, che ha ribadito la tendenza dei bambini a considerare i pari come risorse fondamentali nell'apprendimento. Inoltre, questo risultato è coerente con l'influenza rivendicata svolta dall'approccio socio-costruttivista nelle scuole di Reggio, come esplicitamente menzionato dalla pedagogista della scuola. Questa ispirazione filosofica potrebbe spiegare anche un altro risultato emerso nello Studio 1: quando è stato chiesto quale strategia applicare per apprendere diverse tipologie di informazioni, i bambini iscritti a una scuola Reggio Emilia Approach erano significativamente più inclini a menzionare la testimonianza come metodo di acquisizione di conoscenza, rispetto agli altri bambini. Una maggiore propensione a dare credito alla testimonianza potrebbe essere spiegata nuovamente dal ruolo del gruppo nella vita quotidiana delle scuole di Reggio, nonché dall'attenzione che pedagogisti e insegnanti prestano a creare contesti in cui l'ascolto reciproco tra i bambini e tra i bambini e gli adulti diventa la base per costruire uno spazio di apprendimento ricco di fiducia, dove la democrazia è esercitata dagli adulti e dai bambini fin dalla prima infanzia.
Il ruolo dell'esperienza educativa di Reggio Emilia rispetto al pensiero dei bambini sull'apprendimento / Massimiliano Massimelli , 2024 May 23. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.
Il ruolo dell'esperienza educativa di Reggio Emilia rispetto al pensiero dei bambini sull'apprendimento
MASSIMELLI, MASSIMILIANO
2024
Abstract
The aim of this research project is to explore what children think about learning, with particular attention to the role of testimony as a reliable source for acquiring knowledge (Harris, 2012). Do 4- and 5-year-old children who experience different pedagogical and educational approaches develop different theories about learning? Do these differences persist when children attend primary school? What strategies do children believe should be used to learn information that is easy, difficult, or impossible to learn on their own? From the children's perspective, can the testimony of other people be a reliable source for acquiring new knowledge? The project consists of two studies. In the first study, interviews were conducted with four groups of preschool (4, 5, 6 years) and primary school children (6, 7, 8 years), for a total of 95 children: the first group consisted of children attending a Reggio Emilia Approach preschool; the second group included children attending a Reggio Emilia preschool but not inspired by the Reggio Emilia Approach; the third group comprised primary school children who had attended a Reggio Emilia Approach preschool; the last group consisted of primary school children who had not attended a Reggio Emilia Approach preschool. This sample was designed to provide a comparison across both pedagogical approaches and children's ages. The responses were analyzed using statistical tests (chi-square tests, 2 X 2 ANOVA, repeated measures multinomial logistic regression). In the second study, interviews were conducted with teachers/pedagogists/pedagogical coordinators from the three schools involved in the project to solicit their interpretations of the results from the first study. The results of Study 1 seem to suggest a positive answer to the research question. There was a significant difference in the perceived role of others in the learning processes: children enrolled in a Reggio Emilia Approach school mentioned peers, both friends and classmates, as partners in their learning, while children in non-Reggio Emilia Approach schools were more inclined to mention themselves as the sole protagonists of their learning. This result was confirmed during interviews with the pedagogist from the Reggio Emilia Approach school, who emphasized the children's tendency to consider peers as fundamental resources in learning. Furthermore, this result aligns with the claimed influence of the socio-constructivist approach in Reggio schools, as explicitly mentioned by the pedagogist of the school. This philosophical inspiration could also explain another result from Study 1: when asked which strategy to apply to learn different types of information, children enrolled in a Reggio Emilia Approach school were significantly more inclined to mention testimony as a method of acquiring knowledge compared to other children. A greater inclination to credit testimony could be explained, once again, by the role of the group in the daily life of Reggio schools, as well as the emphasis that pedagogists and teachers place on creating contexts where mutual listening among children and between children and adults forms the foundation for building a trustful learning space, where democracy is exercised by both adults and children from an early age.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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