Amidst the multitude of sensory inputs competing in the environment, the attentional system automatically prioritizes stimuli based on their affective content— their evaluation in terms of positive and negative valence. Beyond the affective content of a stimulus, two other variables play a part during its processing: its semantics, or conveyed meaning, and its level of activation, also named arousal. The aim of this thesis is to examine the electrophysiological and neuroimaging correlates of these elements of emotion processing in both healthy and clinical populations. First, Studies 1 (n=30, published) and 2 (n=34, published) delved into the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of implicit processing of words with pain content using an affective priming paradigm in healthy subjects. This paradigm considered the potential difference in processing the valence of a word when preceded by negative stimuli related to pain compared to negative and positive stimuli unrelated to pain. Notably, this marked the first attempt to apply event-related potential (ERP) component analysis to an affective priming paradigm involving pain-related words. Results showed faster reaction times when a negative word was preceded by a pain word compared to a positive one. ERP analyses revealed no effect of pain during early-stage processing (N400) but a larger waveform when the negative word was preceded by a pain word rather than a positive one during late-stage processing (LPP), underscoring the longer time course required by the cognitive system to generate a response to specific semantic content. Building upon this, Study 3 (ongoing) aimed to investigate valence and arousal in word generation using an emotion fluency task, which required individuals to generate as many emotional words as possible in 60 seconds. Results in a sample of 34 healthy subjects revealed a higher production of negative words compared to positive ones. However, upon considering arousal, it was found that positive words with high arousal were produced more frequently than both low arousal positive words and negative words. This study provides a three-dimensional perspective in which the organization of emotion concepts in semantic memory is not only based on their valence and semantics, but also on the intensity of an emotional experience. Ultimately, Study 4 (in preparation) leveraged the unique neuroanatomical and behavioral variability found in semantic dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by atrophy in the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs). Semantic dementia presents in two clinical forms: those with predominantly left hemisphere atrophy and loss of semantic memory, and those with predominantly right hemisphere atrophy and socioemotional deficits. We reviewed medical records of a cohort of 228 individuals with SD which revealed that those with right-lateralized atrophy showed greater positive emotional experiences than those with left-lateralized atrophy as well as other changes in behaviors, a pattern we confirmed with structural neuroimaging analyses. This study in a clinical population shed light on the role of the right ATL in binding together semantic knowledge to affective experiences. In conclusion, behavioral and ERP findings offered valuable insights into the time course of implicit emotion processing emphasizing a critical time window for studying the interplay between semantics and valence. The clinical and neuroimaging findings provide an anatomical substrate, opening a new perspective on the mapping of emotions. Consequently, this research project makes a meaningful contribution to the field by revealing the mechanism through which the brain generates responses tailored to distinct emotions to parse individual emotional experiences.
Tra la miriade di input sensoriali nell'ambiente, il sistema attentivo automaticamente prioritizza gli stimoli in base al loro contenuto affettivo, in termini di valenza positiva o negativa. Oltre al contenuto affettivo di uno stimolo, altre due variabili entrano in gioco durante la sua elaborazione: la semantica, o significato, e il suo livello di attivazione, anche chiamato arousal. Lo scopo della tesi è di esaminare i correlati elettrofisiologici e di neuroimaging di questi elementi nell’elaborazione di stimoli emozionali sia nelle popolazioni sane che in quelle cliniche. Inizialmente, gli Studi 1 (n=30) e 2 (n=34), già pubblicati, investigano i correlati comportamentali ed elettrofisiologici dell’elaborazione implicita di parole di dolore mediante un paradigma di priming affettivo in individui sani. Questo paradigma presuppone che la valenza di una parola sia elaborata diversamente se è preceduta da stimoli negativi di dolore rispetto a stimoli non legati a dolore. Questo rappresenta il primo tentativo di applicare l'analisi delle componenti dei potenziali evento-relati (ERP) nel priming affettivo su parole di dolore. I risultati mostrano tempi di reazione più rapidi quando parole negative erano precedute da quelle di dolore rispetto che positive. Le analisi ERP non hanno rivelato alcun effetto del dolore durante la fase iniziale (N400), ma una maggiore ampiezza durante la fase tardiva (LPP) quando parole negative erano precedute da quelle di dolore, sottolineando che per generare una risposta specifica al contenuto semantico il sistema cognitivo necessita di più tempo. In seguito, lo Studio 3 (n=34), in corso, indaga il ruolo della valenza e dell’arousal nella produzione di parole in un compito di fluenza, che richiede agli individui di generare il maggior numero di parole emozionali in 60 secondi. I risultati mostrano una produzione maggiore di parole negative rispetto a quelle positive. Considerando l’arousal, le parole positive con alto arousal venivano prodotte più frequentemente sia rispetto alle parole positive con basso arousal che alle parole negative. Questo studio fornisce una prospettiva tridimensionale in cui l'organizzazione dei concetti emotivi nella memoria semantica si basa non solo sulla loro valenza e semantica, ma anche sull'intensità dell’esperienza emotiva. Infine, lo Studio 4 (in prep) sfrutta la variabilità neuroanatomica e comportamentale unica della demenza semantica, un disturbo neurodegenerativo caratterizzato da atrofia nei lobi temporali anteriori (ATL). La demenza semantica si presenta in due forme cliniche: quella con atrofia emisferica sinistra e perdita di memoria semantica, e quella con atrofia emisferica destra e deficit socio-emotivi. Esaminando le cartelle cliniche di 228 individui, si è osservato che coloro con atrofia lateralizzata a destra mostrava più esperienze emotive positive rispetto a coloro con atrofia lateralizzata a sinistra, oltre ad altri cambiamenti comportamentali, un modello che abbiamo confermato con analisi di neuroimaging strutturale. Lo studio su questa popolazione fa luce sul ruolo dell'ATL destro nell’associare la conoscenza semantica alle esperienze affettive. In conclusione, i risultati comportamentali ed ERP offrono preziosi spunti sul corso temporale dell’elaborazione di stimoli emozionali, identificando una finestra temporale critica per lo studio dell'interazione tra semantica e valenza. I risultati clinici e di neuroimaging forniscono un substrato anatomico, aprendo una nuova prospettiva sulla localizzazione delle emozioni. Pertanto, questo progetto di ricerca costituisce un contributo modesto ma significativo, rivelando il meccanismo attraverso il quale il cervello genera risposte specifiche a emozioni distinte per interpretare le esperienze emotive individuali.
La relazione tra la valenza e la semantica nell’elaborazione delle emozioni: correlati elettrofisiologici e di neuroimaging in popolazioni sane e cliniche / Anna Gilioli , 2024 May 08. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.
La relazione tra la valenza e la semantica nell’elaborazione delle emozioni: correlati elettrofisiologici e di neuroimaging in popolazioni sane e cliniche.
GILIOLI, ANNA
2024
Abstract
Amidst the multitude of sensory inputs competing in the environment, the attentional system automatically prioritizes stimuli based on their affective content— their evaluation in terms of positive and negative valence. Beyond the affective content of a stimulus, two other variables play a part during its processing: its semantics, or conveyed meaning, and its level of activation, also named arousal. The aim of this thesis is to examine the electrophysiological and neuroimaging correlates of these elements of emotion processing in both healthy and clinical populations. First, Studies 1 (n=30, published) and 2 (n=34, published) delved into the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of implicit processing of words with pain content using an affective priming paradigm in healthy subjects. This paradigm considered the potential difference in processing the valence of a word when preceded by negative stimuli related to pain compared to negative and positive stimuli unrelated to pain. Notably, this marked the first attempt to apply event-related potential (ERP) component analysis to an affective priming paradigm involving pain-related words. Results showed faster reaction times when a negative word was preceded by a pain word compared to a positive one. ERP analyses revealed no effect of pain during early-stage processing (N400) but a larger waveform when the negative word was preceded by a pain word rather than a positive one during late-stage processing (LPP), underscoring the longer time course required by the cognitive system to generate a response to specific semantic content. Building upon this, Study 3 (ongoing) aimed to investigate valence and arousal in word generation using an emotion fluency task, which required individuals to generate as many emotional words as possible in 60 seconds. Results in a sample of 34 healthy subjects revealed a higher production of negative words compared to positive ones. However, upon considering arousal, it was found that positive words with high arousal were produced more frequently than both low arousal positive words and negative words. This study provides a three-dimensional perspective in which the organization of emotion concepts in semantic memory is not only based on their valence and semantics, but also on the intensity of an emotional experience. Ultimately, Study 4 (in preparation) leveraged the unique neuroanatomical and behavioral variability found in semantic dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by atrophy in the anterior temporal lobes (ATLs). Semantic dementia presents in two clinical forms: those with predominantly left hemisphere atrophy and loss of semantic memory, and those with predominantly right hemisphere atrophy and socioemotional deficits. We reviewed medical records of a cohort of 228 individuals with SD which revealed that those with right-lateralized atrophy showed greater positive emotional experiences than those with left-lateralized atrophy as well as other changes in behaviors, a pattern we confirmed with structural neuroimaging analyses. This study in a clinical population shed light on the role of the right ATL in binding together semantic knowledge to affective experiences. In conclusion, behavioral and ERP findings offered valuable insights into the time course of implicit emotion processing emphasizing a critical time window for studying the interplay between semantics and valence. The clinical and neuroimaging findings provide an anatomical substrate, opening a new perspective on the mapping of emotions. Consequently, this research project makes a meaningful contribution to the field by revealing the mechanism through which the brain generates responses tailored to distinct emotions to parse individual emotional experiences.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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