Graphene-Based Smart Nanomaterials: Novel Opportunities for Biology and Neuroengineering

In the last three decades, nanotechnologies have so deeply integrated themselves with medicine, that a new term, “nanomedicine,” was specifically coined (Freitas in Nanomedicine, volume I: basic capabilities. Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, 1999, [110]) to indicate “the process of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease and traumatic injury, relieving pain, and preserving and improving human health, using molecular tools and molecular knowledge of the human body. In short, nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine”.