Dunkle und gewaltvolle Sprache: Eine linguistische Analyse der Hassrede in Deutschland des 19. Jahrhunderts anhand der Werke von Ernst Moritz Arndt, Otto Böckel und Wilhelm Marr

The aim of this paper is to analyse hate speech in 19th century Germany from a linguistic perspective. The paper thus examines the works of three German authors who are regarded as exemplary for the emergence and further development of German-language hate speech: 1) Ernst Moritz Arndt, Über den Volkshaß und über den Gebrauch einer fremden Sprache (1813); 2) Wilhelm Marr (1819–1904), Der Sieg des Judenthums über das Germanenthum (1879), and 3) Otto Böckel (1859–1923), Die Juden – Die Könige unserer Zeit (1887). The analysis shows that the hate language had been particularly present in journalism and literature since the end of the 18th century, affecting diverse aspects of social life and becoming part of the political debate, especially during the emergence of the German nation after the Napoleonic wars.