Perspective Chapter: Methanol as a Fuel for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) – Principles and Performance

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol (CH3OH), is a colorless, flammable, and volatile liquid produced commercially through the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen or by gasification. Despite toxicity and serious health effects, methanol has recently gained attention as a feedstock for chemical synthesis, a solvent in industrial processes, an antifreeze agent, a potential solution for sustainable energy production, and as a potential alternative fuel for biofuel in automotive diesel engines in diesel vehicle applications. This is attributed to its notable energy density and convenient manageability when contrasted with hydrogen, a fuel more commonly employed in various other types of fuel cells. Proper handling and safety precautions are necessary when employing methanol as a fuel in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) in portable electronic devices, backup power systems, and remote power generation applications. The performance of DMFCs is largely determined by the efficiency of the anode and cathode reactions, as well as the conductivity of the electrolyte. In the quest for more environmentally friendly and sustainable options, the uses of methanol are undergoing dynamic advancements, providing solutions that address both current energy demands and overarching environmental objectives.