Effect of fortification on the osmolality of human milk

Background: It is known that human milk fortifiers (HMF) increases osmolality of human milk (HM) but some aspects of fortification have not been deeply investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of fortification on the osmolality of donor human milk (DHM) and mother’s own milk (MOM) over 72 h of storage using two commercial fortifiers and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation. Methods: Pasteurized DHM and unpasteurized preterm MOM were fortified with 4% PreNAN FM85, 4% PreNAN FM85 plus 2% MCT, or 4% Aptamil BMF. Osmolality was measured in unfortified DHM and MOM and, moreover, just after fortification (T0), and after 6 (T6), 24 (T24) and 72 h (T72) to determine the effect of mixing and storage. Results: Unfortified DHM and MOM did not show changes of osmolality. Fortification increased osmolality of DHM and MOM without changes during the study period, except for Aptamil BMF which increased osmolality of MOM. The addition of MCT to fortified human milk (FHM) did not affect its osmolality. Conclusions: Changes of osmolality in the 72 h following fortification of both DHM and MOM did not exceed the safety values supporting the theoretically possibility of preparing 72 h volumes of FHM. Supplementation with MCT of FHM does not change osmolality suggesting that increasing energy intake in preterm infants via this approach is safe.