Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents the most frequent and serious pulmonary complication in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), with a prevalence ranging from 6 to 70% of patients, significant morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have investigated the frequency of ILD in pSS, generally referred to retrospective studies with small series of patients and numerous biases. Non-fibrosing patterns, primarily non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), as the most common ILD subtype, and organizing pneumonia (OP), are described as the most frequent in pSS-ILD, in opposition to fibrotic ones, such as fibrotic NSPI, fibrotic OP and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is highly typical for pSS but it occurs only in a few cases. This complication is often underrated and, nowadays, there are no randomized controlled clinical trials to support therapeutic guidelines. Therefore, there is an unmet need of prospective studies to clarify some crucial points such as the prevalence of ILD, its clinical and radiological features. Objectives Aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence of ILD in patients with pSS and to assess clinical radiological features. Methods All consecutive pSS patients will be screened for signs or symptoms suggesting pulmonary involvement (dry cough and/or progressive dyspnea, Velcro crackles traditionally and digitally detected, etc.). An ILD will be suspected on the basis of clinical and auscultatory parameters and subjects with suspicion of pulmonary disease will undergo a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), the gold standard for the diagnosis of ILD. Patients will undergo HRCT even in presence of suspected ILD in a chest x-ray. As regard the assessment of prevalence, all subjects will be evaluated cross-sectionally. Prevalence will be provided along with their 95% confidence intervals. The HRCT images will be re-evaluated by an expert radiologist, in order to confirm the presence of ILD and to classify it according to the current radiological classifications, in particular discriminating between fibrotic and non-fibrotic radiological patterns. Results A total of 265 subjects have been involved in the present study (241 females and 24 males). Among them, 70 showed ILD (26,41%). Fourteen subjects were males and 56 females. Four patients are awaiting a CT-scan after the detection of Velcro-crackles. Conclusion Despite previous observations, our data suggest a high prevalence of fibrosing ILD pattern in pSS patients. In comparison to current prevalence data, our study could evidence an even more high prevalence of clinically significant ILD. HRCTs performed during the last year are still under evaluation by the expert radiologist; preliminary data suggest a possible different distribution in ILD subsets, with a high prevalence of fibrosing ILD pattern in pSS patients.

Introduzione L’interstiziopatia polmonare (IP) rappresenta la complicanza polmonare più frequente e grave nella sindrome di Sjögren primaria (pSS), con una prevalenza che varia dal 6 al 70% dei pazienti, morbidità e mortalità significative. Tuttavia pochi studi hanno indagato la frequenza di IP in pSS, e in genere si tratta di studi retrospettivi su un numero di pazienti limitato e gravati da numerosi bias. I pattern non fibrotici, principalmente la polmonite interstiziale non specifica (NSIP), come sottotipo di ILD più comune, e la polmonite organizzante (OP), sono descritti come i più frequenti nella pSS-IP, in contrasto a quelli fibrotici, come l'NSIP fibrotico, OP fibrotica e polmonite interstiziale usuale (UIP). La polmonite interstiziale linfocitaria è molto specifica della pSS ma si verifica solo in pochi casi. Questa complicanza è spesso sottovalutata e, al giorno d'oggi, non ci sono studi clinici randomizzati controllati a supporto delle linee guida terapeutiche. Pertanto attualmente è necessario attuare studi prospettici per chiarire alcuni punti cruciali come la prevalenza della ILD, le sue caratteristiche cliniche e le caratteristiche radiologiche. Obiettivi Scopo di questo studio è valutare la prevalenza di ILD nei pazienti con pSS, per valutare le caratteristiche cliniche e radiologiche. Metodi Tutti i pazienti consecutivi affetti da pSS saranno sottoposti a screening per la ricerca di segni o sintomi che suggeriscono un coinvolgimento polmonare (tosse secca e/o dispnea progressiva, crepitii a velcro rilevati tradizionalmente e digitalmente, ecc.). L’IP sarà sospettata sulla base di parametri clinici e auscultatori e i soggetti con sospetto di IP saranno sottoposti a tomografia computerizzata ad alta risoluzione (HRCT torace), il gold standard per la diagnosi di IP. I pazienti saranno sottoposti a HRCT anche in presenza di sospetta IP in una radiografia del torace. Per quanto riguarda la valutazione della prevalenza, tutti i soggetti saranno valutati in modo trasversale. La prevalenza verrà fornita insieme ai rispettivi intervalli di confidenza al 95%. Le immagini HRCT saranno rivalutate da un radiologo esperto, al fine di confermare la presenza di IP e classificarla secondo le attuali classificazioni radiologiche, in particolare discriminando tra pattern radiologici fibrotici e non fibrotici. Risultati Un totale di 265 soggetti sono stati coinvolti nel presente studio (241 femmine e 24 maschi). Tra questi, 70 hanno presentato IP (26,41%). Quattordici soggetti erano maschi e 56 femmine. Quattro pazienti sono in attesa di una TAC in conseguenza al rilevamento di crepitii in velcro. Conclusioni Nonostante le osservazioni precedenti, i nostri dati suggeriscono un'elevata prevalenza di pattern di IP fibrosante nei pazienti con pSS. Rispetto agli attuali dati di prevalenza, il nostro studio potrebbe evidenziare una prevalenza ancora più elevata di IP clinicamente significativa. Le HRCT eseguite nell'ultimo anno sono ancora in fase di valutazione da parte del radiologo esperto; dati preliminari suggeriscono una possibile diversa distribuzione nei sottoinsiemi di ILD, con un'elevata prevalenza di pattern IP fibrosante nei pazienti con pSS.

PREVALENZA, CORRELATI CLINICO-SEROLOGICI E CARATTERISTICHE RADIOLOGICHE DELL'INTERSTIZIOPATIA POLMONARE IN UN'AMPIA COORTE DI PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA SINDROME DI SJOGREN / Caterina Vacchi , 2023 Sep 29. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

PREVALENZA, CORRELATI CLINICO-SEROLOGICI E CARATTERISTICHE RADIOLOGICHE DELL'INTERSTIZIOPATIA POLMONARE IN UN'AMPIA COORTE DI PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA SINDROME DI SJOGREN

VACCHI, CATERINA
2023

Abstract

Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents the most frequent and serious pulmonary complication in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), with a prevalence ranging from 6 to 70% of patients, significant morbidity and mortality. However, few studies have investigated the frequency of ILD in pSS, generally referred to retrospective studies with small series of patients and numerous biases. Non-fibrosing patterns, primarily non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), as the most common ILD subtype, and organizing pneumonia (OP), are described as the most frequent in pSS-ILD, in opposition to fibrotic ones, such as fibrotic NSPI, fibrotic OP and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is highly typical for pSS but it occurs only in a few cases. This complication is often underrated and, nowadays, there are no randomized controlled clinical trials to support therapeutic guidelines. Therefore, there is an unmet need of prospective studies to clarify some crucial points such as the prevalence of ILD, its clinical and radiological features. Objectives Aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence of ILD in patients with pSS and to assess clinical radiological features. Methods All consecutive pSS patients will be screened for signs or symptoms suggesting pulmonary involvement (dry cough and/or progressive dyspnea, Velcro crackles traditionally and digitally detected, etc.). An ILD will be suspected on the basis of clinical and auscultatory parameters and subjects with suspicion of pulmonary disease will undergo a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), the gold standard for the diagnosis of ILD. Patients will undergo HRCT even in presence of suspected ILD in a chest x-ray. As regard the assessment of prevalence, all subjects will be evaluated cross-sectionally. Prevalence will be provided along with their 95% confidence intervals. The HRCT images will be re-evaluated by an expert radiologist, in order to confirm the presence of ILD and to classify it according to the current radiological classifications, in particular discriminating between fibrotic and non-fibrotic radiological patterns. Results A total of 265 subjects have been involved in the present study (241 females and 24 males). Among them, 70 showed ILD (26,41%). Fourteen subjects were males and 56 females. Four patients are awaiting a CT-scan after the detection of Velcro-crackles. Conclusion Despite previous observations, our data suggest a high prevalence of fibrosing ILD pattern in pSS patients. In comparison to current prevalence data, our study could evidence an even more high prevalence of clinically significant ILD. HRCTs performed during the last year are still under evaluation by the expert radiologist; preliminary data suggest a possible different distribution in ILD subsets, with a high prevalence of fibrosing ILD pattern in pSS patients.
PREVALENCE, CLINICAL - SEROLOGIC CORRELATES AND RADIOLOGIC FEATURES OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE IN A LARGE COHORTS OF PATIENTS WITH SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
29-set-2023
SALVARANI, CARLO
MANFREDI, Andreina Teresa
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1320689
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