Background An experimental Clinical Ethics Committee (CEC) was established on 2020 at the local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia. The CEC aim is to support healthcare professionals (HPs) in dealing with complex ethical cases. The CEC was developed and implemented by the Bioethics Unit (BU), which is responsible for the development of empirical bioethics research projects within a public health research framework. The BU also provides ethics consultation for HPs and care teams and ethics training. The present research project focuses on the development and implementation of the CEC along with a Process Evaluation (PE) of the service 24 months from its implementation. Methods The MRC framework for developing and implementing complex intervention is our methodological framework. It is a two-phase project: I) A study context to collect data useful for the CEC implementation. It consists of an explanatory, sequential, mixed-method study of the activities performed by the BU, from 2016 to 2020. Quantitative data were collected from the BU’s internal database and analyzed by descriptive analysis. Qualitative evaluation was performed by semi-structured interviews with 18 HPs who were differently involved in the BU’s activities. II) A (PE) study to understand how the CEC has been integrated within the healthcare facility, after 24 months after its implementation. It is a mixed-method study by means of the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Quantitative assessments of the CEC’s activities were collected from CEC’s internal database and a survey among HPs, investigating the knowledge, diffusion, and perceptions of the CEC. Data were analyzed descriptively. Semi-structured interviews were performed with CEC’s members, users, and providers to understand barriers/facilitators which influence CEC’s normalization. Framework analysis was applied. Results were triangulated using the conceptual tools provided by NPT to understand the factors that promote and/or inhibit the integration of the service in daily life. Results I) Quantitative and qualitative data showed respectively an extensive increment in the number of BU research projects and collaborations with local units and wards, and positive perceptions of the BU activities by HPs.We can hypothesize that the CEC would be feasible within the local context. II) Quantitative data showed that the CEC fulfilled the 3 standard functions of an ethics counseling service (7 ethics consultations received, 1 ethical course provided, and 3 ethical policies developed). Notably, the volume of ethics consultation requests is in line with international standards. 17 interviews were currently performed (13 with CEC members and 4 with physicians who required an ethics consultation). Preliminary data described the CEC as a service close to the HPs’needs, and multidisciplinarity has been valued as its specificity. However, lot of work still to be done to spread knowledge of the CEC among HPs and to provide the service with appropriate resources to support its future development. Finally, an official, national, regulation is still needed to improve the radicalization of the service. We plan to conduct a total of 25 interviews to achieve data saturation. Conclusions Our research can contribute to a growing body of literature on the models and outcomes of clinical ethics support services. Further studies are needed to reproduce and evaluate the model in a broader network.

Background Nel 2020, presso l'Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, è stato istituito un Comitato sperimentale per l’Etica nella Clinica (CEC), con l’obiettivo di supportare i professionisti della salute nella gestione di casi etici complessi. Il CEC è stato sviluppato e implementato dall'Unità di Bioetica (UDB), a sua volta promotrice sia di progetti di ricerca in bioetica empirica e di public health, che di consulenza etica per singoli professionisti ed équipe di cura, che di formazione etica. Questo progetto di ricerca propone lo sviluppo e l’implementazione del CEC nel contesto locale, e la valutazione del processo di implementazione del servizio a 24 mesi dalla sua entrata in vigore. Metodi Il progetto è stato costruito secondo l’MRC framework per lo sviluppo e l'implementazione di interventi complessi e prevede: I) Uno studio di contesto, retrospettivo, a metodologia mista, delle attività svolte dall’UDB dal 2016 al 2020, finalizzato a raccogliere dati utili all'implementazione del CEC. I dati quantitativi sono stati raccolti dal database interno dell’UDB e analizzati mediante analisi descrittiva. La valutazione qualitativa è stata effettuata tramite interviste semi-strutturate a 18 professionisti diversamente coinvolti nelle attività della BU. II) Uno studio di valutazione del processo di implementazione, finalizzato a capire se e come il CEC è stato integrato nel contesto locale, a 24 mesi dalla sua implementazione. Per comprendere i fattori che promuovono e/o inibiscono l'integrazione del servizio nella vita quotidiana, lo studio, a metodo misto, si basa sui concetti della Normalization Process Theory (NPT). La valutazione quantitativa delle attività del CEC è stata effettuata tramite i dati raccolti dal database interno del CEC e da una survey dedicata ai professionisti dell’Azienda (in corso), finalizzata ad indagare la loro conoscenza e percezione del CEC, e la diffusione del servizio. Sono state condotte interviste semi-strutturate con i componenti, gli utenti e i promotori del CEC per comprendere le barriere/facilitatori che ne influenzano la normalizzazione. Le interviste sono state analizzate attraverso la framework thematic analysis. I risultati sono stati triangolati utilizzando gli strumenti concettuali forniti dalla TNP. Risultati I) I dati quantitativi e qualitativi mostrano rispettivamente un incremento del numero di progetti di ricerca e delle collaborazioni con unità e reparti locali, e una percezione positiva delle attività dell’UDB tra i professionisti. Ciò porta ad ipotizzare che il CEC sia un intervento fattibile nel contesto locale. II) I dati quantitativi dimostrano che il CEC implementato ha soddisfatto le 3 funzioni standard di un servizio di consulenza etica (ha ricevuto 7 consulenze etiche, ha promosso 1 corso di formazione in etica e pubblicato 3 linee di indirizzo aziendali) e che il numero di consulenze etiche pervenute è in linea con gli standard internazionali. Attualmente sono state effettuate 17 interviste (13 con i membri del CEC, 4 con i medici che hanno richiesto una consulenza). Secondo i dati preliminari, il CEC è visto come un servizio vicino alle esigenze dei professionisti, e la multidisciplinarietà è stata apprezzata come suo tratto specifico. Tuttavia, è stato notato che molto rimane da fare per sostenerne lo sviluppo futuro, non solo in termini di diffusione tra i professionisti, ma anche di incremento di risorse per la gestione del servizio stesso, a partire da una regolamentazione ufficiale a livello nazionale. Si prevede di condurre un totale di 25 interviste per raggiungere la saturazione dei dati. Conclusioni La nostra ricerca può contribuire alla letteratura sui modelli di servizi di supporto etico. Sono necessari ulteriori studi per riprodurre e valutare il modello implementato

Sviluppo e implementazione di un Comitato per l'Etica nella Clinica (CEC) come intervento complesso: uno studio a metodologia mista in un'azienda sanitaria provinciale / Marta Perin , 2023 Sep 29. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Sviluppo e implementazione di un Comitato per l'Etica nella Clinica (CEC) come intervento complesso: uno studio a metodologia mista in un'azienda sanitaria provinciale.

PERIN, MARTA
2023

Abstract

Background An experimental Clinical Ethics Committee (CEC) was established on 2020 at the local Health Authority of Reggio Emilia. The CEC aim is to support healthcare professionals (HPs) in dealing with complex ethical cases. The CEC was developed and implemented by the Bioethics Unit (BU), which is responsible for the development of empirical bioethics research projects within a public health research framework. The BU also provides ethics consultation for HPs and care teams and ethics training. The present research project focuses on the development and implementation of the CEC along with a Process Evaluation (PE) of the service 24 months from its implementation. Methods The MRC framework for developing and implementing complex intervention is our methodological framework. It is a two-phase project: I) A study context to collect data useful for the CEC implementation. It consists of an explanatory, sequential, mixed-method study of the activities performed by the BU, from 2016 to 2020. Quantitative data were collected from the BU’s internal database and analyzed by descriptive analysis. Qualitative evaluation was performed by semi-structured interviews with 18 HPs who were differently involved in the BU’s activities. II) A (PE) study to understand how the CEC has been integrated within the healthcare facility, after 24 months after its implementation. It is a mixed-method study by means of the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Quantitative assessments of the CEC’s activities were collected from CEC’s internal database and a survey among HPs, investigating the knowledge, diffusion, and perceptions of the CEC. Data were analyzed descriptively. Semi-structured interviews were performed with CEC’s members, users, and providers to understand barriers/facilitators which influence CEC’s normalization. Framework analysis was applied. Results were triangulated using the conceptual tools provided by NPT to understand the factors that promote and/or inhibit the integration of the service in daily life. Results I) Quantitative and qualitative data showed respectively an extensive increment in the number of BU research projects and collaborations with local units and wards, and positive perceptions of the BU activities by HPs.We can hypothesize that the CEC would be feasible within the local context. II) Quantitative data showed that the CEC fulfilled the 3 standard functions of an ethics counseling service (7 ethics consultations received, 1 ethical course provided, and 3 ethical policies developed). Notably, the volume of ethics consultation requests is in line with international standards. 17 interviews were currently performed (13 with CEC members and 4 with physicians who required an ethics consultation). Preliminary data described the CEC as a service close to the HPs’needs, and multidisciplinarity has been valued as its specificity. However, lot of work still to be done to spread knowledge of the CEC among HPs and to provide the service with appropriate resources to support its future development. Finally, an official, national, regulation is still needed to improve the radicalization of the service. We plan to conduct a total of 25 interviews to achieve data saturation. Conclusions Our research can contribute to a growing body of literature on the models and outcomes of clinical ethics support services. Further studies are needed to reproduce and evaluate the model in a broader network.
Developing and implementing a Clinical Ethics Committee (CEC) as a complex intervention: a mixed-methods study in a provincial health care authority
29-set-2023
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