Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood (prevalence 2-2.5/1000). CP children have increased risk to incur in progressive hip displacement, which may induce hip pain. More severe non-ambulatory quadriplegic patients, classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) IV and V, are the most affected. Hip displacement is measured by means of the migration percentage (MP). Data about prevalence of hip luxation and hip pain in the Italian CP population are missing. Postural management is recommended to prevent hip displacement, though the evidence is limited and indications about type and timing are lacking. Objectives 1. Retrospective single center study involving non-ambulatory CP children: to investigate prevalence and determinants of hip subluxation (1.1) and of hip pain (1.2); the MP value beyond which no reduction might be expected, unless addressing surgery (1.3). 2. Multicenter randomized-controlled trial (RCT): to verify if keeping a sitting position centering the femoral head into the acetabulum is more effective than usual postural management, in preventing MP progression in quadriplegic CP children. Methods 1. Retrospective study. Inclusion criteria: spastic or dyskinetic CP, GMFCS level IV or V, age 0-18 years. Considered variables: MP, GMFCS level, age, sex, CP subtype, drug-resistant epilepsy, use of walkers or standing devices with weight relief, previous botulinum, or hip surgery, oral or intrathecal baclofen, hip pain. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear stepwise regression were performed to analyze MP trends and determinants (1.1); multivariate stepwise logistic regression to enquire hip pain prevalence and its determinants (1.2); receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to find the “point of no return” (1.3). 2. Prospective multicenter RCT. Inclusion criteria: spastic or dyskinetic CP, age 1-6 years, GMFCS IV-V, MP <41%. Subjects are randomly requested to maintain the experimental or traditional sitting position, at least 5 hours a day, for 2 years. The primary outcome is the MP, at 12 and 24 months. Secondary outcomes include compliance and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), hip pain, device cost. Results 1. A total of 504 subjects were included: 302 GMFCS V, 209 females, 432 spastic CP 1.1 Hip subluxation in spastic CP of the examined sample confirmed the trends previously described. Dyskinetic subtype showed overall lower MP values and a more variable behavior relative to age and GMFCS level. Age, CP severity and spastic subtype are the main determinants. The stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that walking and standing assistive devices with or without weight-relief, combined with botulinum contributed to reduce the MP progression. Bone surgery and, to a lesser extent, also soft tissue surgery, confirmed to be effective in reducing the MP. 1.2 The overall prevalence of hip pain was 9.7% (6.7% were GMFCS V). Age, sex, MP, and lumbar scoliosis were significant independent determinants of hip pain. 1.3 The optimal cut-off value was identified as MP≥ 50%, with a sensitivity of 84.5% and a specificity of 100% (p-value <0.001, performing the chi-squared test). 2. Covid-19 emergency induced a relevant delay. Only partial and preliminary results are available. Conclusions Based on our data a divergent MP trend is observed in dyskinetic compared to spastic subjects. Walking and standing devices with or without weight-relief, combined with botulinum contribute to reduce the MP progression in quadriplegic CP children (1.1). A lower prevalence of hip pain was found, compared to previous studies (1.2). The point of no-return under which conservative approaches may have a preventive role is MP<50% (1.3). The RCT is still ongoing (2).
Introduzione La paralisi cerebrale infantile (PCI) è la più comune causa di disabilità motoria nell'infanzia (prevalenza 2-2,5/1000). Determina un rischio aumentato di progressiva lussazione dell'anca, la quale può provocare coxalgia. I bambini più gravi, non deambulanti, classificati al livello IV-V del Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS) sono i più colpiti. La lussazione è misurata con l'Indice di Migrazione (IM). Mancano dati sulla prevalenza di lussazione d'anca e coxalgia nella popolazione italiana affetta da PCI. Il postural management è raccomandato come approccio preventivo, ma le evidenze sono scarse e non vi sono dati in merito a tipologia e tempistica. Obiettivi 1. Studio retrospettivo monocentrico: identificare prevalenza e fattori determinanti la lussazione d'anca(1.1) e la coxalgia (1.2); il valore di IM oltre il quale non ci si possa aspettare un miglioramento con soli approcci conservativi (1.3). 2. Studio randomizzato controllato multicentrico: verificare se il mantenere una posizione seduta che mantenga la testa femorale centrata in acetabolo sia più efficace del tradizionale postural management, nel prevenire un aumento del IM in bambini affetti da PCI tetraplegici Metodi 1. Criteri di inclusione: PCI spastica o discinetica, livello IV-V del GMFCS , età 0-18 anni. Variabili considerate: IM, livello del GMFCS, età, sesso, tipo di PCI, epilessia farmacoresistente, utilizzo di stabilizzatori-deambulatori o stabilizzatori con o senza sgravio di peso, precedenti inoculi di tossina botulinica o chirurgia, baclofen per os o intratecale, coxalgia. Sono state eseguite statistiche descrittive e una regressione multipla lineare stepwise per analizzare andamento dell'IM ed i fattori che lo influenzano (1.1); statistiche descrittive ed una regressione logistica multivariata stepwise per studiare prevalenza e fattori determinanti coxalgia (1.2); un'analisi con la curva receiver operating characteristics (ROC) per trovare il "punto di non ritorno" (1.3). 2. Criteri di inclusione: PCI spastica o discinetica, età 1-6 anni, livello IV-V di GMFCS, IM<41%. Dopo randomizzazione ai soggetti viene chiesto di mantenere per almeno 5 ore/giorno, per 2 anni, la posizione seduta sperimentale oppure tradizionale. L'obiettivo principale è evitare un aumento dell'IM, misurato a 12 e 24 mesi. Obiettivi secondari includono una valutazione di compliance, qualità di vita, coxalgia, costo dei sistemi di postura. Risultati 1. Sono stati reclutati 504 pazienti: 302 livello V di GMFCS, 209 di sesso femminile, 432 PCI spastiche. 1.1 L'andamento della lussazione d'anca nelle forme spastiche all'interno del campione esaminato, conferma l'andamento già descritto. Le forme discinetiche invece presentano valori di IM inferiori ed un andamento più variabile rispetto all'età e al livello GMFCS. Età, gravità di PCI e sottotipo spastico sono i principali fattori favorenti. L'analisi di regressione multipla stepwise ha dimostrato che gli ausili per la verticalità assistita con o senza sgravio di peso, in combinazione con la tossina botulinica, contribuiscono a ridurre l'IM. La chirurgia scheletrica, ed in misura minore la chirurgia parti molli, si confermano efficaci nel ridurre l'IM. 1.2 La prevalenza di coxalgia è 9,7% (6,7% livello V GMFCS). Età, sesso, MP, scoliosi lombare sono significativi fattori determinanti indipendenti. 1..3 Il valore limite è MP≥ 50% (sensibilità 84.5%, specificità 100%, p<0.001, test chi-quadrato). 2. L'emergenza del Covid-19 ha determinato un ritardo. Conclusioni Forme spastiche e discinetiche hanno andamenti differenti dell'IM. I sistemi per la verticalità assistita hanno un ruolo protettivo. Una prevalenza di coxalgia inferiore alla letteratura. IM<50% è il limite per approcci conservativi preventivi. Il RCT è in corso.
LA LUSSAZIONE DELL'ANCA IN BAMBINI AFFETTI DA PARALISI CEREBRALE INFANTILE BILATERALE NON DEAMBULANTI: ANDAMENTO E FATTORI DETERMINANTI LA LUSSAZIONE DELL'ANCA E LA COXALGIA, RUOLO PREVENTIVO DEL POSTURAL MANAGEMENT / Silvia Faccioli , 2023 Sep 29. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.
LA LUSSAZIONE DELL'ANCA IN BAMBINI AFFETTI DA PARALISI CEREBRALE INFANTILE BILATERALE NON DEAMBULANTI: ANDAMENTO E FATTORI DETERMINANTI LA LUSSAZIONE DELL'ANCA E LA COXALGIA, RUOLO PREVENTIVO DEL POSTURAL MANAGEMENT
FACCIOLI, SILVIA
2023
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood (prevalence 2-2.5/1000). CP children have increased risk to incur in progressive hip displacement, which may induce hip pain. More severe non-ambulatory quadriplegic patients, classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) IV and V, are the most affected. Hip displacement is measured by means of the migration percentage (MP). Data about prevalence of hip luxation and hip pain in the Italian CP population are missing. Postural management is recommended to prevent hip displacement, though the evidence is limited and indications about type and timing are lacking. Objectives 1. Retrospective single center study involving non-ambulatory CP children: to investigate prevalence and determinants of hip subluxation (1.1) and of hip pain (1.2); the MP value beyond which no reduction might be expected, unless addressing surgery (1.3). 2. Multicenter randomized-controlled trial (RCT): to verify if keeping a sitting position centering the femoral head into the acetabulum is more effective than usual postural management, in preventing MP progression in quadriplegic CP children. Methods 1. Retrospective study. Inclusion criteria: spastic or dyskinetic CP, GMFCS level IV or V, age 0-18 years. Considered variables: MP, GMFCS level, age, sex, CP subtype, drug-resistant epilepsy, use of walkers or standing devices with weight relief, previous botulinum, or hip surgery, oral or intrathecal baclofen, hip pain. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear stepwise regression were performed to analyze MP trends and determinants (1.1); multivariate stepwise logistic regression to enquire hip pain prevalence and its determinants (1.2); receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to find the “point of no return” (1.3). 2. Prospective multicenter RCT. Inclusion criteria: spastic or dyskinetic CP, age 1-6 years, GMFCS IV-V, MP <41%. Subjects are randomly requested to maintain the experimental or traditional sitting position, at least 5 hours a day, for 2 years. The primary outcome is the MP, at 12 and 24 months. Secondary outcomes include compliance and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), hip pain, device cost. Results 1. A total of 504 subjects were included: 302 GMFCS V, 209 females, 432 spastic CP 1.1 Hip subluxation in spastic CP of the examined sample confirmed the trends previously described. Dyskinetic subtype showed overall lower MP values and a more variable behavior relative to age and GMFCS level. Age, CP severity and spastic subtype are the main determinants. The stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that walking and standing assistive devices with or without weight-relief, combined with botulinum contributed to reduce the MP progression. Bone surgery and, to a lesser extent, also soft tissue surgery, confirmed to be effective in reducing the MP. 1.2 The overall prevalence of hip pain was 9.7% (6.7% were GMFCS V). Age, sex, MP, and lumbar scoliosis were significant independent determinants of hip pain. 1.3 The optimal cut-off value was identified as MP≥ 50%, with a sensitivity of 84.5% and a specificity of 100% (p-value <0.001, performing the chi-squared test). 2. Covid-19 emergency induced a relevant delay. Only partial and preliminary results are available. Conclusions Based on our data a divergent MP trend is observed in dyskinetic compared to spastic subjects. Walking and standing devices with or without weight-relief, combined with botulinum contribute to reduce the MP progression in quadriplegic CP children (1.1). A lower prevalence of hip pain was found, compared to previous studies (1.2). The point of no-return under which conservative approaches may have a preventive role is MP<50% (1.3). The RCT is still ongoing (2).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PhD THESIS Faccioli S.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi definitiva Faccioli Silvia
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