Background: In conditions of professionals’ shortage, lack of resources and poor infrastructures, it is mandatory to afford inequities and difficulties in the access to healthcare services, delivering new ways of care, striving to guarantee universal health coverage (UHC). Covid-19 represented a big challenge for healthcare professionals, which were asked to strengthen their efforts to cope with the pandemic. During its first phases, many apps were launched to tackle the surge of covid-19, among those the SMASS/CovidGuide app, a class IIa CE registered medical device. The web-based software SMASS/CovidGuide helps gather crucial information about a patient's clinical picture and document the patient's medical history in a structured manner The app is a conversational agent (CA) with a neural network artificial intelligence (AI) which asks specific questions about warning signs (Red, Orange, Yellow Flags, Green Flags) and makes suggestions about the optimal time-to-treat (e.g. emergency, immediate or non-urgent treatment) and point-of-care (e.g. ambulance service, emergency room, doctor's office, pharmacy, telemedicine or self-treatment), supporting users in finding a solution for their healthcare problem. To be safe and effective, the advice of the app should be followed by the user. This can help reduce health systems overloading. Methods: - We performed a systematic review on selftriage tools in primary care. Among studies, we included trials and observational studies, excluding cross-sectional studies. - CovidGuide database containing consultations results from inception to April 19 2022 was analyzed and the main descriptive statistical analyses were performed. - A Swahili and English version of CovidGuide, AfyaGuide, was produced to assess its usability in the Kenyan population Results: - Our search yielded, after duplicates were removed, 6575 records. 6562 papers were excluded after title and abstract screening, and only 13 studies were deemed to be eligible for full text screening. At full text screening, only 4 studies were included. - On a total number of 374.179 consultations, the most frequent advice given was the indication to see the doctor today (38% of the consultations). 62% patients were females, 75% in the age range 14-49 years, main symptoms reported were viral syndrome not otherwise specified and throat symptoms complaints. 75.692 patients, 20% of cases, received indication for self-monitoring with safety net (ie indications on what to do in case of symptoms’ worsening) Interestingly, an indication for self-monitoring was given in 72196 consultations 20,18%. - More than 1500 Kenyan participated in the pilot on usability of the AfyaGuide app Conclusions: Data retrieved so far depict the core features of the users of this app: women in age range 14-49 were the most represented category of CovidGuide users. Further exploration of factors influencing intention to comply with the app’s advice, already ongoing in Germany, may help understand what brings people to use this kind of app and eventually follow the given advice. Moreover, the huge number of consultations ending with the indications for self-monitoring may be investigated to understand whether it is possible to use these tools to decrease PCPs’ burden and improve health coverage. In Kenya, the app showed a good usability and intention to comply (ItC)

Premessa: In condizioni di carenza di professionisti, mancanza di risorse e infrastrutture inadeguate, è necessario affrontare le disuguaglianze e le difficoltà nell'accesso ai servizi sanitari, offrendo nuove modalità di assistenza e cercando di garantire una copertura sanitaria universale (UHC). La Covid-19 ha rappresentato una grande sfida per gli operatori sanitari, ai quali è stato chiesto di rafforzare i propri sforzi per far fronte alla pandemia. Durante le prime fasi, sono state lanciate molte applicazioni per affrontare l'ondata di Covid-19, tra cui l'app SMASS/CovidGuide, un dispositivo medico di classe IIa con registrazione CE. Il software basato sul web SMASS/CovidGuide aiuta a raccogliere informazioni cruciali sul quadro clinico del paziente e a documentare la sua storia clinica in modo strutturato. L'app è un agente conversazionale (CA) con una intelligenza artificiale (AI) a rete neurale che pone domande specifiche sui segnali di allarme (Bandiere rosse, arancioni, gialle, verdi) e fornisce suggerimenti sul momento ottimale per il trattamento (ad esempio, emergenza, trattamento immediato o non urgente) e sul punto di cura (ad esempio, servizio di ambulanza, pronto soccorso, studio medico, farmacia, telemedicina o auto-monitoraggio) Per essere sicuri ed efficaci, i consigli dell'app devono essere seguiti dall'utente. Ciò può contribuire a ridurre il sovraccarico dei sistemi sanitari. Metodi: - Abbiamo condotto una revisione sistematica sugli strumenti di selftriage nelle cure primarie. Tra gli studi sono stati inclusi trial e studi osservazionali, escludendo gli studi trasversali. - È stato analizzato il database CovidGuide contenente i risultati delle consultazioni dall'inizio al 19 aprile 2022 e sono state eseguite le principali analisi statistiche descrittive. - È stata prodotta una versione swahili e inglese di CovidGuide, AfyaGuide, per valutarne l'usabilità nella popolazione keniota. Risultati: - La ricerca ha prodotto, dopo la rimozione dei duplicati, 6575 documenti. 6562 articoli sono stati esclusi dopo lo screening del titolo e dell'abstract e solo 13 studi sono stati ritenuti idonei per lo screening del testo completo. Al vaglio del testo completo, sono stati inclusi solo 4 studi. - Su un numero totale di 374.179 consultazioni, il consiglio più frequente dato è stato l'indicazione di rivolgersi al medico oggi (38% delle consultazioni). Il 62% dei pazienti era di sesso femminile, il 75% nella fascia di età 14-49 anni, i principali sintomi riportati erano sindrome virale non altrimenti specificata e disturbi alla gola. 75.692 pazienti, il 20% dei casi, hanno ricevuto indicazioni per l'automonitoraggio con rete di sicurezza (cioè indicazioni su cosa fare in caso di peggioramento dei sintomi). È interessante notare che l'indicazione all'automonitoraggio è stata data in 72196 consultazioni, il 20,18%. - Più di 1500 kenioti hanno partecipato al progetto pilota sull'usabilità dell'applicazione AfyaGuide. Conclusioni: I dati finora raccolti descrivono le caratteristiche principali degli utenti di questa applicazione: le donne nella fascia di età 14-49 anni sono state la categoria più rappresentata di utenti di CovidGuide. Un'ulteriore esplorazione dei fattori che influenzano l'intenzione di seguire i consigli dell'app, già in corso in Germania, può aiutare a capire cosa porta le persone a utilizzare questo tipo di app e a seguire i consigli forniti. Inoltre, l'enorme numero di consultazioni che si concludono con le indicazioni per l'auto-monitoraggio può essere studiato per capire se è possibile utilizzare questi strumenti per ridurre il carico dei medici di medicina generale e migliorare la copertura sanitaria. In Kenya, l'applicazione ha mostrato una buona usabilità e intention to comply (ItC).

Selftriage medico durante la pandemia di covid-19: sviluppo e usabilità di SMASS Pathfinder CovidGuide / Jacopo Demurtas , 2023 Sep 29. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Selftriage medico durante la pandemia di covid-19: sviluppo e usabilità di SMASS Pathfinder CovidGuide

DEMURTAS, JACOPO
2023

Abstract

Background: In conditions of professionals’ shortage, lack of resources and poor infrastructures, it is mandatory to afford inequities and difficulties in the access to healthcare services, delivering new ways of care, striving to guarantee universal health coverage (UHC). Covid-19 represented a big challenge for healthcare professionals, which were asked to strengthen their efforts to cope with the pandemic. During its first phases, many apps were launched to tackle the surge of covid-19, among those the SMASS/CovidGuide app, a class IIa CE registered medical device. The web-based software SMASS/CovidGuide helps gather crucial information about a patient's clinical picture and document the patient's medical history in a structured manner The app is a conversational agent (CA) with a neural network artificial intelligence (AI) which asks specific questions about warning signs (Red, Orange, Yellow Flags, Green Flags) and makes suggestions about the optimal time-to-treat (e.g. emergency, immediate or non-urgent treatment) and point-of-care (e.g. ambulance service, emergency room, doctor's office, pharmacy, telemedicine or self-treatment), supporting users in finding a solution for their healthcare problem. To be safe and effective, the advice of the app should be followed by the user. This can help reduce health systems overloading. Methods: - We performed a systematic review on selftriage tools in primary care. Among studies, we included trials and observational studies, excluding cross-sectional studies. - CovidGuide database containing consultations results from inception to April 19 2022 was analyzed and the main descriptive statistical analyses were performed. - A Swahili and English version of CovidGuide, AfyaGuide, was produced to assess its usability in the Kenyan population Results: - Our search yielded, after duplicates were removed, 6575 records. 6562 papers were excluded after title and abstract screening, and only 13 studies were deemed to be eligible for full text screening. At full text screening, only 4 studies were included. - On a total number of 374.179 consultations, the most frequent advice given was the indication to see the doctor today (38% of the consultations). 62% patients were females, 75% in the age range 14-49 years, main symptoms reported were viral syndrome not otherwise specified and throat symptoms complaints. 75.692 patients, 20% of cases, received indication for self-monitoring with safety net (ie indications on what to do in case of symptoms’ worsening) Interestingly, an indication for self-monitoring was given in 72196 consultations 20,18%. - More than 1500 Kenyan participated in the pilot on usability of the AfyaGuide app Conclusions: Data retrieved so far depict the core features of the users of this app: women in age range 14-49 were the most represented category of CovidGuide users. Further exploration of factors influencing intention to comply with the app’s advice, already ongoing in Germany, may help understand what brings people to use this kind of app and eventually follow the given advice. Moreover, the huge number of consultations ending with the indications for self-monitoring may be investigated to understand whether it is possible to use these tools to decrease PCPs’ burden and improve health coverage. In Kenya, the app showed a good usability and intention to comply (ItC)
MEDICAL SELF-TRIAGE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: DEVELOPMENT AND USABILITY OF THE SMASS PATHFINDER COVIDGUIDE
29-set-2023
RIGHI, Elena
D'AMICO, Roberto
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1320387
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