Background Among the interventions aimed at changing health providers’ behaviors, “Audit & feedback” (A&F) has been emerging as one of the most promising and its effectiveness has been shown in different settings. Indeed, providing health professionals with structured reports on their performance can stimulate quality improvement when process or outcomes indicators highlight potential problems concerning the delivery of specific health care interventions or the clinical outcomes achieved. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) are serious and growing common chronic conditions that are increasingly managed by health professionals in outpatient and community settings, through shared clinical pathways. The development and implementation of these pathways require the involvement of different health professionals and demand strong clinical as well as managerial responsibility in constantly monitoring processes and outcomes of care. Objectives • To explore the opportunities offered by sources of information and to fully address relevant dimensions of quality of care and health services performance through the use of qualitative research methods (focus group). • To compare different approaches towards the implementation of A&F interventions. • To implement an A&F intervention for clinical pathways for chronic diseases Metodologies A qualitative analysis, through the construction of focus groups, has been conducted among health professionals and patients, to identify the determinants and the dynamics that regulate the hospital-territory continuity of care and to allow the identification of additional information and indicators required in an optimal A&F intervention for the management of effective clinical pathways. Furthermore, a structured questionnaire was administered to different italian regions implementing A&F interventions to improve clinical practice with the aim of analyzing and comparing different regional initiatives. Finally, following the creation of a multidisciplinary working group and the information obtained through the FGs, a clinical dashboard has been developed and implemented for the T2DM clinical pathway. Results: We investigated what health professionals dealing with those diseases think it is important to them to know about the process and outcomes of the care provided. The analysis allowed the identification of weaknesses and strengths perceived by professionals involved in clinical pathways for chronic disesase. Within the context of the questionnaires collected among the 7 italian regions implementing A&F interventions to improve clinical practice, a comparison between the suggestions available in literature and the main results obtained through the analysis of the projects collected has been conducted. We investigated the characteristics of the working group composition, the targeted clinical behaviors, the selected indicators and their informative sources, the feedback procedures to be adopted, the actions expected from the targeted health professionals and other interventions to be carried out along with the A&F procedure to sustain/reinforce its impact. In the year 2022, a reporting system was made available on the intranet portal of the LHA of Reggio Emilia for the T2DM clinical pathway. The IC model of assistance in the Province of Reggio Emilia has progressively increased in the latest years, reaching a total of 13,206 patients in GI as of 31/12/2021.All professionals involved in the management of the T2DM integrated care (IC) have been enabled to have access to the dashboard. Different types of reports have been developed, depending on the type of use (clinical, organizational), with the display of aggregated or individual data at different levels.

Introduzione Tra gli interventi volti a modificare i comportamenti degli operatori sanitari, l’"Audit & feedback" (A&F) è emerso come uno dei più promettenti e la sua efficacia è stata dimostrata in diversi contesti. Fornire agli operatori sanitari report strutturati sulle loro prestazioni può stimolare il miglioramento della qualità, qualora gli indicatori di processo o di risultato evidenzino potenziali problemi riguardanti l'erogazione di specifici interventi sanitari o i risultati clinici raggiunti. Il diabete mellito di tipo 2 (DM2) e l'insufficienza cardiaca cronica sono condizioni croniche in crescita, sempre più gestite dagli operatori sanitari in ambito ambulatoriale e comunitario, tramite l’utilizzo di PDTA condivisi. Lo sviluppo e l'attuazione di questi percorsi richiedono il coinvolgimento di diversi professionisti sanitari e richiedono una forte responsabilità clinica e gestionale nel monitoraggio costante dei processi e dei risultati delle cure. Obiettivi • Esplorare le opportunità offerte dai flussi informativi e affrontare le dimensioni rilevanti della qualità dell'assistenza e delle prestazioni dei servizi sanitari attraverso l'uso di metodi di ricerca qualitativa (focus group). • Confrontare diversi approcci verso l'attuazione degli interventi di A&F. •Implementare un intervento A&F per i percorsi clinici per le malattie croniche Materiali e metodi E’ stata condotta un'analisi qualitativa, attraverso la costruzione di focus group, tra operatori sanitari e pazienti, per identificare i determinanti e le dinamiche che regolano la continuità assistenziale ospedale-territorio e per consentire l'individuazione di informazioni e indicatori necessari in un intervento ottimale di A&F. Inoltre, è stato somministrato un questionario strutturato a diverse regioni italiane che attuano interventi di A&F per migliorare la pratica clinica con l'obiettivo di analizzare e confrontare diverse iniziative regionali. Infine, a seguito della creazione di un gruppo di lavoro multidisciplinare e delle informazioni ottenute attraverso i FG, è stato sviluppato e implementato un cruscotto clinico (dashboard) di indicatori per il percorso clinico del DM2. Risultati: Sulla base di un approccio di ricerca qualitativo (focus group), è stato indagato ciò che gli operatori sanitari che si occupano di tali malattie ritengano utile conoscere del processo e degli esiti delle cure fornite. L'analisi ha permesso di identificare i punti deboli e i punti di forza percepiti dai professionisti coinvolti nei percorsi clinici per le malattie croniche. Inoltre, sono stati studiati ulteriori informazioni e indicatori necessari in un intervento ottimale di A&F per la gestione di percorsi clinici efficaci, nonché opzioni di feedback ottimali. Nell'ambito dei questionari raccolti tra regioni italiane che attuano interventi di A&F è stato condotto un confronto tra i suggerimenti emersi in letteratura e i principali risultati ottenuti attraverso l'analisi dei progetti. Sono state indagate le caratteristiche della composizione del gruppo di lavoro, i comportamenti clinici identificati, gli indicatori selezionati e le loro fonti informative, le procedure di feedback da adottare, le azioni attese dai professionisti sanitari mirati e altri interventi da eseguire insieme alla procedura A&F per sostenerne/rafforzarne l'impatto. Nell’anno 2022 è stato reso disponibile un sistema di reportistica sul portale intranet dell’AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia dedicato al percorso Gestione Integrata Diabete Mellito tipo 2. Il modello GI dell'assistenza nella Provincia di Reggio Emilia è progressivamente aumentato negli anni, raggiungendo un totale di 13.206 pazienti in GI al 31/12/2021. Tutti i professionisti coinvolti hanno avuto accesso alla dashboard. Sono state sviluppate diverse tipologie di report, a seconda del tipo di utilizzo (clinico, organizzativo) con visualizzazione di dati individuali o aggregati a diversi livelli.

INTERVENTI DI AUDIT E FEEDBACK PER MIGLIORARE LA PRATICA CLINICA NEL DIABETE MELLITO DI TIPO 2 E LO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO CRONICO / Federica Violi , 2023 May 19. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

INTERVENTI DI AUDIT E FEEDBACK PER MIGLIORARE LA PRATICA CLINICA NEL DIABETE MELLITO DI TIPO 2 E LO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO CRONICO

Violi, Federica
2023

Abstract

Background Among the interventions aimed at changing health providers’ behaviors, “Audit & feedback” (A&F) has been emerging as one of the most promising and its effectiveness has been shown in different settings. Indeed, providing health professionals with structured reports on their performance can stimulate quality improvement when process or outcomes indicators highlight potential problems concerning the delivery of specific health care interventions or the clinical outcomes achieved. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) are serious and growing common chronic conditions that are increasingly managed by health professionals in outpatient and community settings, through shared clinical pathways. The development and implementation of these pathways require the involvement of different health professionals and demand strong clinical as well as managerial responsibility in constantly monitoring processes and outcomes of care. Objectives • To explore the opportunities offered by sources of information and to fully address relevant dimensions of quality of care and health services performance through the use of qualitative research methods (focus group). • To compare different approaches towards the implementation of A&F interventions. • To implement an A&F intervention for clinical pathways for chronic diseases Metodologies A qualitative analysis, through the construction of focus groups, has been conducted among health professionals and patients, to identify the determinants and the dynamics that regulate the hospital-territory continuity of care and to allow the identification of additional information and indicators required in an optimal A&F intervention for the management of effective clinical pathways. Furthermore, a structured questionnaire was administered to different italian regions implementing A&F interventions to improve clinical practice with the aim of analyzing and comparing different regional initiatives. Finally, following the creation of a multidisciplinary working group and the information obtained through the FGs, a clinical dashboard has been developed and implemented for the T2DM clinical pathway. Results: We investigated what health professionals dealing with those diseases think it is important to them to know about the process and outcomes of the care provided. The analysis allowed the identification of weaknesses and strengths perceived by professionals involved in clinical pathways for chronic disesase. Within the context of the questionnaires collected among the 7 italian regions implementing A&F interventions to improve clinical practice, a comparison between the suggestions available in literature and the main results obtained through the analysis of the projects collected has been conducted. We investigated the characteristics of the working group composition, the targeted clinical behaviors, the selected indicators and their informative sources, the feedback procedures to be adopted, the actions expected from the targeted health professionals and other interventions to be carried out along with the A&F procedure to sustain/reinforce its impact. In the year 2022, a reporting system was made available on the intranet portal of the LHA of Reggio Emilia for the T2DM clinical pathway. The IC model of assistance in the Province of Reggio Emilia has progressively increased in the latest years, reaching a total of 13,206 patients in GI as of 31/12/2021.All professionals involved in the management of the T2DM integrated care (IC) have been enabled to have access to the dashboard. Different types of reports have been developed, depending on the type of use (clinical, organizational), with the display of aggregated or individual data at different levels.
AUDIT AND FEEDBACK INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE HEALTHCARE PRACTICE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
19-mag-2023
VINCETI, Marco
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