Background : Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a valid option to address shoulder osteoarthritis with severe glenoid deformity, but requires an extensive reaming to restore the native version with high risk of baseplate failure. The use of autologous bone graft harvested from the humeral head and fixed on the baseplate at the interface of the native glenoid, was proposed to minimize glenoid reaming and restore glenoid bone stock (Bony-Increased Offset, BIO- RSA). Metallic-augmented glenoid components (Metallic-Increased Offset – MIO-RSA) have been proposed as viable alternative to BIO-RSA, preserving more native bone stock and restoring the joint line, with a final goal of increasing the baseplate support. Thus, controversies still exist about the choice of bone grafting or metal augments in RSA. Objectives: In this study we tested two hypotheses: i) metal augmented baseplate give similar clinical outcomes and rate of scapular notching compared with BIO-RSA patients, ii) bone graft viability and healing in BIO-RSA patients are impaired over time, thus making concern about baseplate fixation and stability in the long-term. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving seventy-two consecutive patients (74 shoulders) who underwent RSA with glenoid lateralization using bone (BIO-RSA group, 44) or metal augmented baseplate (MIO-RSA group, 30). Glenoid deformities was classified according to established criteria by computed tomography in primary osteoarthritis (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, C, D) and cuff tear arthropathy (E1, E2, E3, E4). Active range of motion, and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) Index were assessed before arthroplasty and at the last follow-up visits. Radiologic changes around the humeral and glenoid components were recorded at latest follow-up and compared with immediate postoperative X-rays. Glenoid radiolucent lines and their size were used to evaluate bone graft healing (BIO-RSA group) and baseplate seating (MIO-RSA group) (no radiolucent lines: perfect seating; radiolucent lines < 2 mm: incomplete seating; radiolucent lines > 2 mm: loosening). Postoperative thickness of bone graft (mm) was also measured. Glenosphere position was recorded as: high, flush, low and very low. Glenoid version (Friedman method) and inclination ( angle) were recorded and compared with preoperative values. Results: At a mean follow-up of 36.5 months the preoperative and postoperative shoulder mobility and WOOS Index were significantly different in both groups (all p < .0001). The two groups showed a similar rate of preoperative glenoid deformities. The rate of postoperative glenoid radiolucency, scapular notching, scapular spurs, glenosphere position, heterotopic ossifications and humerus spot weld were similar. We found higher rate of humerus condensation lines in MIO-RSA group (p= 0.01) and higher rate of cortical tinning and tuberosity resorption in the BIO-RSA group (p= 0.027 and p = 0.004, respectively). Postoperative glenoid retroversion and inclination were similar in the two groups but the preoperative and postoperative delta score were higher in the BIO-RSA group (p < 0.001). BIO-RSA group showed radiolucent lines < 2mm around bone graft in 16 patients (36.4%) and decreased thickness in 15 (34.1%). The bone graft healing was 64%. Incomplete baseplate seating found in 3 shoulders of MIO-RSA group. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes and rate of notching found in BIO-RSA and MIO-RSA patients confirm the first hypothesis of this study. The complete baseplate seating found in most of MIO-RSA patients explains the excellent stability and fixation of the metal. Our findings about bone graft healing confirm the second hypothesis about the risk of baseplate failure in the long-term.

Introduzione: La protesi inversa rappresenta una opzione valida per il trattamento dell’artrosi di spalla con severa deformità ossea glenoidea, ma richiede un alesaggio correttivo esteso per il ripristino della versione ed inclinazione glenoidea nativa, con relativi rischi di medializzazione della glenoide e fallimento della fissazione. L’utilizzo di un innesto osseo, prelevato dalla testa omerale e fissato sul “baseplate” all’ interfaccia della glenoide nativa, è stato proposto per minimizzare l’alesaggio glenoideo e ripristinare il bone stock glenoideo (“Bony-Increased Offset, BIO- RSA”). Il “baseplate” aumentato metallico ("Metallic-Increased Offset – MIO-RSA”), rappresenta un’alternativa alla BIO-RSA per ripristinare la interlinea articolare. Ad oggi, persistono ancora delle controversie sulla scelta del “bone graft” o dell’ “augment” metallico nella protesi inversa di spalla lateralizzata. Obiettivi: Abbiamo testato due ipotesi: i) la MIO-RSA garantisce risultati clinici e un tasso di “scapular notching” simile alla BIO-RSA, ii)la integrazione del graft osseo nella BIO-RSA è compromessa nel tempo, aumentando il rischio fallimento della fissazione. Materiali e Metodi: Abbiamo arruolato in modo retrospettivo 72 pazienti (74 spalle) sottoposti a BIO-RSA (44) o MIO-RSA (30). La deformità glenoidea primaria (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, C, D) e secondaria a rottura di cuffia (E1, E2, E3, E4), è stata classificata secondo specifici criteri, utilizzando la tomografia computerizzata. La mobilità attiva e il “Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) Index” sono stati usati per la misura dell’ ”outcome” clinico. Tutte le alterazioni radiografiche postoperatorie dell’impianto sono state valutate all’ultimo follow-up. Presenza e dimensione delle linee di radiolucenza glenoidea sono state utilizzate per valutare la integrazione del “bone graft” (gruppo BIO-RSA) e il “baseplate seating” (gruppo MIO-RSA) (assenza di radiolucenza: “perfect seating”; linee di radiolucenza < 2 mm: “incomplete seating”; linee di radiolucenza > 2 mm: mobilizzazione). Abbiamo valutato lo spessore del “bone graft” (mm), la posizione della glenosfera sulla glenoide (alta, centrata, bassa, molto bassa), la versione (metodo di Friedman) e la inclinazione (“ angle”) glenoidea preoperatoria e postoperatoria. Risultati: Al follow-up medio di 36.5 mesi gli “scores” preoperatori e postoperatori sono aumentati in modo significativo in entrambi i gruppi (p < 0.001). Morfologia ossea glenoidea preoperatoria, radiolucenza glenoidea postoperatoria, ossificazioni scapolari ed omerali eterotopiche, “spot welds” omerali sono risultati simili nei due gruppi. Lo scapular notching non ha mostrato differenze. Le linee di condensazione omerali sono state più comuni nella MIO-RSA (p = 0.01), l’assottigliamento corticale e riassorbimento tuberositario è stato maggiore nel gruppo BIO-RSA (p= 0.027 e p = 0.004). La retroversione glenoidea postoperatoria è risultata simile, ma i “delta score” preoperatori e postoperatori sono stati più alti nella BIO-RSA (p < 0.001). Linee di radiolucenza < 2 mm intorno al “bone graft” in 16 pazienti (36.4%) e ridotto spessore in 15 pazienti (34.1%) sono state registrate nella BIO-RSA. La integrazione del bone graft è stata del 64%. “Incomplete baseplate seating” è stato trovato in 3 spalle del gruppo MIO-RSA. Conclusioni: I risultati clinici simili, ottenuti con i modelli BIO-RSA e MIO-RSA, confermano la prima ipotesi dello studio. Il “baseplate seating” completo riscontrato in > 90% dei pazienti con MIO-RSA esprime la eccellente stabilità e capacità di fissazione del metallo. Il tasso di riassorbimento del “bone graft” conferma la seconda ipotesi dello studio sui potenziali rischi di fallimento del “baseplate” a lungo termine.

Protesi inversa di spalla con componente glenoidea lateralizzata con innesto osseo o metallo per preservare il bone-stock glenoideo: analisi dei parametri radiografici e dei risultati clinici / Giovanni Merolla , 2023 May 19. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Protesi inversa di spalla con componente glenoidea lateralizzata con innesto osseo o metallo per preservare il bone-stock glenoideo: analisi dei parametri radiografici e dei risultati clinici

MEROLLA, GIOVANNI
2023

Abstract

Background : Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a valid option to address shoulder osteoarthritis with severe glenoid deformity, but requires an extensive reaming to restore the native version with high risk of baseplate failure. The use of autologous bone graft harvested from the humeral head and fixed on the baseplate at the interface of the native glenoid, was proposed to minimize glenoid reaming and restore glenoid bone stock (Bony-Increased Offset, BIO- RSA). Metallic-augmented glenoid components (Metallic-Increased Offset – MIO-RSA) have been proposed as viable alternative to BIO-RSA, preserving more native bone stock and restoring the joint line, with a final goal of increasing the baseplate support. Thus, controversies still exist about the choice of bone grafting or metal augments in RSA. Objectives: In this study we tested two hypotheses: i) metal augmented baseplate give similar clinical outcomes and rate of scapular notching compared with BIO-RSA patients, ii) bone graft viability and healing in BIO-RSA patients are impaired over time, thus making concern about baseplate fixation and stability in the long-term. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving seventy-two consecutive patients (74 shoulders) who underwent RSA with glenoid lateralization using bone (BIO-RSA group, 44) or metal augmented baseplate (MIO-RSA group, 30). Glenoid deformities was classified according to established criteria by computed tomography in primary osteoarthritis (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, C, D) and cuff tear arthropathy (E1, E2, E3, E4). Active range of motion, and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) Index were assessed before arthroplasty and at the last follow-up visits. Radiologic changes around the humeral and glenoid components were recorded at latest follow-up and compared with immediate postoperative X-rays. Glenoid radiolucent lines and their size were used to evaluate bone graft healing (BIO-RSA group) and baseplate seating (MIO-RSA group) (no radiolucent lines: perfect seating; radiolucent lines < 2 mm: incomplete seating; radiolucent lines > 2 mm: loosening). Postoperative thickness of bone graft (mm) was also measured. Glenosphere position was recorded as: high, flush, low and very low. Glenoid version (Friedman method) and inclination ( angle) were recorded and compared with preoperative values. Results: At a mean follow-up of 36.5 months the preoperative and postoperative shoulder mobility and WOOS Index were significantly different in both groups (all p < .0001). The two groups showed a similar rate of preoperative glenoid deformities. The rate of postoperative glenoid radiolucency, scapular notching, scapular spurs, glenosphere position, heterotopic ossifications and humerus spot weld were similar. We found higher rate of humerus condensation lines in MIO-RSA group (p= 0.01) and higher rate of cortical tinning and tuberosity resorption in the BIO-RSA group (p= 0.027 and p = 0.004, respectively). Postoperative glenoid retroversion and inclination were similar in the two groups but the preoperative and postoperative delta score were higher in the BIO-RSA group (p < 0.001). BIO-RSA group showed radiolucent lines < 2mm around bone graft in 16 patients (36.4%) and decreased thickness in 15 (34.1%). The bone graft healing was 64%. Incomplete baseplate seating found in 3 shoulders of MIO-RSA group. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes and rate of notching found in BIO-RSA and MIO-RSA patients confirm the first hypothesis of this study. The complete baseplate seating found in most of MIO-RSA patients explains the excellent stability and fixation of the metal. Our findings about bone graft healing confirm the second hypothesis about the risk of baseplate failure in the long-term.
Bone and metallic augmented reverse shoulder arthroplasty to preserve glenoid bone in shoulder osteoarthritis: analysis of radiographic features and patient outcomes
19-mag-2023
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Descrizione: Bone and metallic augmented reverse shoulder arthroplasty to preserve glenoid bone in shoulder osteoarthritis: analysis of radiographic features and patient outcomes
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1305579
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