Background. Hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction are common in men living with HIV (MLWH). The relationship between sex steroids, sexual function and health status including psychological issues is poorly known in HIV. Aim. To explore the impact on sexual and gonadal function of multiple determinants, including organic, relational and psychological components in MLWH younger than 50 years. Furthermore, we aimed at determining the prevalence and characterization of biochemical hypogonadism in MLWH aged<50 comparing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CI). Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in MLWH <50 years. Sex steroids (serum total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), estrone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)) were measured by LC-MS/MS; TT and E2 were also assessed by CI. Free testosterone (cFT) was calculated by Vermeulen equation. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal CT scan. Frailty was defined by a 37-item index. The questionnaire International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-15 was used to assess prevalence and degree of erectile dysfunction (ED). The Structured Interview of Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY) was used to explore the organic (Scale1), relational (Scale2) and psychological (Scale3) components of ED. Results. A total of 316 HIV-infected men aged 45.3±5.3 years were enrolled. Body fat parameters and frailty were significantly associated with sex steroids, being inversely related to cFT and TT, and directly related to estrone and E2/T ratio. The prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism was higher with LC-MS/MS than CI, both for TT (5.1% vs 3.2%, p<0.0001) or cFT (9.5% vs 7%, p<0.0001). Secondary form of hypogonadism was more prevalent than primary. With regard to sexual function, 187 patients (59.7%) had ED; sexual orientation, lack of stable relationship were major determinants for ED. Only 35 of 187 patients with ED (18.7%) reported the use of ED medications. Conclusions. Our findings show that sexual dysfunctions and hypogonadism are common in MLWH younger than 50 years old. Health status, frailty and body fat mass are strictly associated to each other and to sex steroids, concurring together to functional male hypogonadism in HIV. Within the multidimensional network of ED in MLWH, the psychological component was identified as a major determinant, highlighting the contribution of peculiar factors related to HIV psychological burden rather than gonadal status and other classical risk factors. In contrast to the high prevalence, only few patients reported the use of ED medications suggesting a general under-management of such issues. All the mentioned results were published in international scientific journal, giving a contribution in addressing sexual dysfunctions in MLWH through a tailored and multidisciplinary clinical approach.

Introduzione. L’infezione da HIV è associata ad un’aumentata incidenza di co-morbidità, tra cui la disfunzione erettile (DE) ed il deficit di testosterone. La relazione tra steroidi sessuali, funzione sessuale e stato di salute, inclusa la componente psicologica, nell’HIV rimane ancora da chiarire. Scopo. Definire l’impatto sulla funzione sessuale e gonadica della componente organica, relazionale e psicologica nei pazienti HIV con meno di 50 anni d’età. Inoltre, valutare la prevalenza e la caratterizzazione dell’ipogonadismo mediante l’impiego della metodica cromatografia liquida-tandem spettrometria di massa (LC-MS/MS) e chemiluminescenza (CI). Metodi. Studio prospettico, osservazionale, trasversale, su pazienti con infezione da HIV e di età inferiore ai 50 anni. Gli steroidi sessuali (testosterone totale (TT), estradiolo (E2), estrone, diidrotestosterone (DHT)) sono stati misurati mediante LC-MS/MS; TT ed E2 sono stati misurati anche mediante CI. Il testosterone libero (cFT) è stato calcolato tramite la formula di Vermeulen. La composizione corporea è stata valutata mediante densitometria assiale a raggi X e tomografia computerizzata addominale. La fragilità è stata definita con un indice composto da 37 quesiti. L’indice internazionale della funzione erettile (IIEF)-15 è stato utilizzato per valutare la prevalenza e il grado di DE. È stata inoltre usata l’intervista strutturata sulla disfunzione erettile (SIEDY) al fine di valutare la componente organica, relazionale e psicologica del DE. Risultati. Sono stati arruolati 316 pazienti HIV con età media di 45.3±5.3 anni. I parametri relativi al tessuto adiposo e la fragilità erano significativamente associati con gli steroidi sessuali, essendo inversamente relati a cFT e TT e direttamente relati a estrone e rapporto E2/T. La prevalenza di ipogonadismo era superiore mediante LC-MS/MS rispetto a CI, sia sulla base del TT (5.1% vs 3.2%, p<0.0001) e del cFT (9.5% vs 7%, p<0.0001). La prevalenza di ipogonadismo secondario era maggiore rispetto alla forma primitiva. 187 pazienti (59.7%) presentavano DE all’IIEF-15; di questi, solo 35 pazienti (18.7%) riferivano l’uso di farmaci per DE. L’orientamento sessuale e la mancanza di una relazione stabile erano i principali determinanti per DE. Conclusioni. Il riscontro di ipogonadismo e disfunzione sessuale è frequente nei pazienti HIV di età inferiore ai 50 anni. Lo stato di salute, la fragilità e la composizione corporea sono strettamente associati tra di loro ed è ipotizzabile che insieme concorrano a determinare una forma di ipogonadismo funzionale nei pazienti con HIV. Considerata la natura multifattoriale del DE, la componente psicologica sembrerebbe essere il principale determinante, suggerendo che nell’eziopatogenesi del DE nei soggetti HIV intervengano maggiormente fattori di rischio specifici legati all’HIV più che i fattori di rischio classici. Nonostante la prevalenza del DE sia così alta, solo pochi pazienti dichiarano di assumere una terapia appropriata per DE rivelando quanto le problematiche sessuali siano spesso sotto-gestite nella pratica clinica. Tutti i risultati sopra elencati sono stati pubblicati in riviste scientifiche internazionali, dando un contributo nella gestione le disfunzioni sessuali nell’HIV.

Funzione gonadica e sessuale in uomini con HIV di età inferiore ai 50 anni / Sara De Vincentis , 2023 May 19. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Funzione gonadica e sessuale in uomini con HIV di età inferiore ai 50 anni

De Vincentis, Sara
2023

Abstract

Background. Hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction are common in men living with HIV (MLWH). The relationship between sex steroids, sexual function and health status including psychological issues is poorly known in HIV. Aim. To explore the impact on sexual and gonadal function of multiple determinants, including organic, relational and psychological components in MLWH younger than 50 years. Furthermore, we aimed at determining the prevalence and characterization of biochemical hypogonadism in MLWH aged<50 comparing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CI). Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in MLWH <50 years. Sex steroids (serum total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), estrone, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)) were measured by LC-MS/MS; TT and E2 were also assessed by CI. Free testosterone (cFT) was calculated by Vermeulen equation. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and abdominal CT scan. Frailty was defined by a 37-item index. The questionnaire International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-15 was used to assess prevalence and degree of erectile dysfunction (ED). The Structured Interview of Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY) was used to explore the organic (Scale1), relational (Scale2) and psychological (Scale3) components of ED. Results. A total of 316 HIV-infected men aged 45.3±5.3 years were enrolled. Body fat parameters and frailty were significantly associated with sex steroids, being inversely related to cFT and TT, and directly related to estrone and E2/T ratio. The prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism was higher with LC-MS/MS than CI, both for TT (5.1% vs 3.2%, p<0.0001) or cFT (9.5% vs 7%, p<0.0001). Secondary form of hypogonadism was more prevalent than primary. With regard to sexual function, 187 patients (59.7%) had ED; sexual orientation, lack of stable relationship were major determinants for ED. Only 35 of 187 patients with ED (18.7%) reported the use of ED medications. Conclusions. Our findings show that sexual dysfunctions and hypogonadism are common in MLWH younger than 50 years old. Health status, frailty and body fat mass are strictly associated to each other and to sex steroids, concurring together to functional male hypogonadism in HIV. Within the multidimensional network of ED in MLWH, the psychological component was identified as a major determinant, highlighting the contribution of peculiar factors related to HIV psychological burden rather than gonadal status and other classical risk factors. In contrast to the high prevalence, only few patients reported the use of ED medications suggesting a general under-management of such issues. All the mentioned results were published in international scientific journal, giving a contribution in addressing sexual dysfunctions in MLWH through a tailored and multidisciplinary clinical approach.
Gonadal and sexual function in men living with HIV younger than 50 years old: focus on the crosstalk between sex steroids, health status and psychological issues
19-mag-2023
ROCHIRA, Vincenzo
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1305572
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