Background: Surgery remains the most efficient therapeutic approach to colon cancer. Its main targets are the treatment of the primary tumor, determining the lymph node status, and the treatment of metastatic disease. Lymph nodes (LNs) are a significant prognostic factor in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients without metastatic disease. LN metastases are a risk factor for disease recurrence and the development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, they determine whether or not the patient should undergo adjuvant therapy. Recent studies have stated that the prognosis is not only determined by the number of positive LNs but that their topographic distribution may carry an important role. Currently, we apply the AJCC-TNM classification, in which a correct nodal sampling is based on the retrieval of at least 12 LNs regardless of their location. On the other hand, the JSCCR (Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum) classification takes into consideration the topographic distribution of the positive LNs. At this moment there are no studies that determine the superiority of one system over the other in terms of predicting 3-year disease recurrence and OS. Due to the important prognostic value that the LN status has, its correct staging is a largely debated argument. Objectives: Primary aims, 1) Applicability of the JSCCR classification to our population. 2) Agreement between disease stages applying both staging systems. Secondary aims, 1) Evaluate if the JSCCR system can highlight recurrence risk subcategories based on the topographic distribution of positive LN’s with a 3-year follow-up. 2) Assess if the JSCCR system can detect a different mortality rate in subcategories based on the topographic distribution of positive LN’s. Methods and Results: This is a monocentric prospective study that aimed to confront these two grading systems. We have determined the main differences and similarities between both staging systems. We enrolled 91 patients with a diagnosis of colon cancer in a 12-month period, from which 6 patients were withdrawn from the study. Inclusion criteria: patients >18 years old with a diagnosis of colon cancer who agree to continue the follow-up period in our institution. Exclusion criteria: patients with a diagnosis of rectal cancer, synchronous solid tumors, oncohematologic diseases, patients who underwent neoadiuvant therapies, and patients with recurrent/metastatic disease. The analysis concerns only the primary aims (feasibility and agreement) because the secondary aims assess the risk of recurrence and related mortality which require a 3-year follow-up. Continuous variables were characterized by median and range. Categorical data were summarized as absolute and relative frequencies. The JSCCR classification was defined as applicable whenever it was able to define the disease stage. The applicability of the JSCCR classification was calculated as a percentage with a confidence interval of 95% according to Wilson. It was calculated the percentage of cases in which both systems appointed the same stage for each patient with a CI of 95% according to Wilson. The degree of agreement was deterred by Cohen’s K coefficient with a CI of 95%. Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.0.4 software. Results: The JSCCR classification proved to be applicable in 85/85 cases included and evaluated in the study. Both classifications, TNM-AJCC and JSCCR, showed a strong level of agreement (100%, 95% CI: 94.6-100). Conclusions: The JSCCR classification can be applied to our population without any variability concerning the vastly used TNM-AJCC classification. The fact that both systems presented such a strong level of agreement (100%) while determining the disease stage could be due to the small sample size. To better assess if the differences between both staging systems could carry and upgrade or downgrade in stage, a bigger sample size is needed.

Background: La Chirurgia rimane l’approccio terapeutico più efficace nel trattamento del cancro del colon. I suoi obbiettivi principali sono il trattamento del tumore primario, determinare lo status linfonodale e la terapia della malattia metastatic. La presenza di linfonodi (LNs) positivi sono un fattore prognostico nella predizione della DFS, OS in pazienti non metastatici e lo sviluppo di malattia metastatica. Inoltre, determinano se il paziente dovrà eseguire chemioterapia adiuvante. Studi recenti hanno dimostrato che la prognosi non è determinata solo dal numero di LNs positivi, bensì, anche la loro distribuzione topografica.In occidente è utilizzata la classificazione del TNM-AJCC, che definisce una corretta linfadenectomia come l’asportazione di almeno 12 linfonodi, non tenendo conto della loro distribuzione topografica. D’altro canto, la classificazione JSCCR (Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum) tiene in considerazione non solo il numero di linfonodi positivi ma anche la loro distribuzione topografica. Al momento attuale non vi sono study che determinino la superiorità di un sistema di stadiazione sull’altro in termini di predizione della OS e del tempo di ricorrenza di malattia a 3 anni. Data l’importanza prognostica dello status linfonodale, la sua corretta stadiazione continua ad essere argomento di dibattito. Objectives: Obiettivi primari, 1) Applicabilità della classificazione JSCCR alla nostra popolazione. 2) Agreement tra i diversi stadi di malattia applicando entrambi i sistemi di stadiazione. Obiettivi secondari, 1) Valutare se il sistema JSCCR può individuare sottocategorie di rischio in base alla distribuzione topografica dei LN’s positivi con un follow-up di 3 anni. 2) Determinare se il sistema JSCCR può individuare sottocategorie con un tasso di mortalità diverso in base alla distribuzione topografica dei LN’s positivi. Methods: Questo è uno studio prospettico monocentrico. Abbiamo arruolato 91 pazienti con diagnosi di cancro del colon in un periodo di 12 mesi, 6 pazienti sono stati esclusi dallo studio. Criteri di inclusione: pazienti >18 anni con diagnosi di cancro del colon che eseguiranno il periodo di follow-up presso il nostro Instituto. Criteri di esclusione: pazienti con diagnosi di cancro del retto, tumori solidi sincroni, malattie oncoematologiche, pazienti che siano stati sottoposti a chemioterapia neoadiuvante e pazienti con ripresa di malattia/malattia metastatica. L’analisi riguarda solo gli obiettivi primari dato che gli obiettivi secondary stabiliscono il rischio di ricorrenza e la mortalità, che richiedono un periodo di follow-up. Le variabili continue sono caratterizzate da media e range. Le variabili categoriche sono state rapportate come assoluti e le loro relative frequenze. La classificazione JSCCR è stata definita come applicabile nei casi nei quali sia in grado di definire uno stadio di malattia. L’applicabilità per la classificazione JSCCR è stata calcolata come una percentuale con un intervallo di confidenza del 95% d’accordo con Wilson score intervals. É stato calcolata la percentuale di casi nei quali entrambi i sistemi determinavano il medesimo stadio di malattia per lo stesso paziente con un CI di 95%. Il grado di agreement è stato determinato con il coefficiente K di Cohen con un CI di 95%. Results: La Classificazione JSCCR ha provato di essere applicabile in 85/85 dei casi inclusi in questo studio. Entrambe le classificazioni, la TNM-JSCCR e la JSCCR, hanno dimostrato un forte grado di agreement (100%, 95% CI: 94.6-100). Conclusions: La classificazione JSCCR può essere applicabile alla nostra popolazione senza nessuna variabilità nei confronti della classificazione TNM-AJCC. Il forte agreement tra i due sistemi di stadiazione potrebbe essere dovuto alle ridotte dimensioni del campione.

CONFRONTO TRA IL SISTEMA DI STADIAZIONE TNM-AJCC 8a EDIZIONE E IL SISTEMA DI STADIAZIONE GIAPPONESE (JSCCR) NEL CANCRO DEL COLON / Carolina Castro Ruiz , 2023 May 19. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

CONFRONTO TRA IL SISTEMA DI STADIAZIONE TNM-AJCC 8a EDIZIONE E IL SISTEMA DI STADIAZIONE GIAPPONESE (JSCCR) NEL CANCRO DEL COLON

CASTRO RUIZ, CAROLINA
2023

Abstract

Background: Surgery remains the most efficient therapeutic approach to colon cancer. Its main targets are the treatment of the primary tumor, determining the lymph node status, and the treatment of metastatic disease. Lymph nodes (LNs) are a significant prognostic factor in predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients without metastatic disease. LN metastases are a risk factor for disease recurrence and the development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, they determine whether or not the patient should undergo adjuvant therapy. Recent studies have stated that the prognosis is not only determined by the number of positive LNs but that their topographic distribution may carry an important role. Currently, we apply the AJCC-TNM classification, in which a correct nodal sampling is based on the retrieval of at least 12 LNs regardless of their location. On the other hand, the JSCCR (Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum) classification takes into consideration the topographic distribution of the positive LNs. At this moment there are no studies that determine the superiority of one system over the other in terms of predicting 3-year disease recurrence and OS. Due to the important prognostic value that the LN status has, its correct staging is a largely debated argument. Objectives: Primary aims, 1) Applicability of the JSCCR classification to our population. 2) Agreement between disease stages applying both staging systems. Secondary aims, 1) Evaluate if the JSCCR system can highlight recurrence risk subcategories based on the topographic distribution of positive LN’s with a 3-year follow-up. 2) Assess if the JSCCR system can detect a different mortality rate in subcategories based on the topographic distribution of positive LN’s. Methods and Results: This is a monocentric prospective study that aimed to confront these two grading systems. We have determined the main differences and similarities between both staging systems. We enrolled 91 patients with a diagnosis of colon cancer in a 12-month period, from which 6 patients were withdrawn from the study. Inclusion criteria: patients >18 years old with a diagnosis of colon cancer who agree to continue the follow-up period in our institution. Exclusion criteria: patients with a diagnosis of rectal cancer, synchronous solid tumors, oncohematologic diseases, patients who underwent neoadiuvant therapies, and patients with recurrent/metastatic disease. The analysis concerns only the primary aims (feasibility and agreement) because the secondary aims assess the risk of recurrence and related mortality which require a 3-year follow-up. Continuous variables were characterized by median and range. Categorical data were summarized as absolute and relative frequencies. The JSCCR classification was defined as applicable whenever it was able to define the disease stage. The applicability of the JSCCR classification was calculated as a percentage with a confidence interval of 95% according to Wilson. It was calculated the percentage of cases in which both systems appointed the same stage for each patient with a CI of 95% according to Wilson. The degree of agreement was deterred by Cohen’s K coefficient with a CI of 95%. Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.0.4 software. Results: The JSCCR classification proved to be applicable in 85/85 cases included and evaluated in the study. Both classifications, TNM-AJCC and JSCCR, showed a strong level of agreement (100%, 95% CI: 94.6-100). Conclusions: The JSCCR classification can be applied to our population without any variability concerning the vastly used TNM-AJCC classification. The fact that both systems presented such a strong level of agreement (100%) while determining the disease stage could be due to the small sample size. To better assess if the differences between both staging systems could carry and upgrade or downgrade in stage, a bigger sample size is needed.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TNM-AJCC 8TH EDITION AND THE JAPANESE (JSCCR) GRADING SYSTEMS IN COLON CANCER
19-mag-2023
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Tesi definitiva.pdf

Open access

Descrizione: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TNM-AJCC 8th EDITION AND THE JAPANESE (JSCCR) GRADING SYSTEMS IN COLON CANCER
Tipologia: Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione 36.66 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
36.66 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

Licenza Creative Commons
I metadati presenti in IRIS UNIMORE sono rilasciati con licenza Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal, mentre i file delle pubblicazioni sono rilasciati con licenza Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale (CC BY 4.0), salvo diversa indicazione.
In caso di violazione di copyright, contattare Supporto Iris

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1305571
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact