Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is the loss ≥30 dB in three consecutive frequencies. The exact mechanism underlying SSHL remains elusive. Several prognostic indicators of favourable or unfavourable outcome in SSHL have been proposed (age, delay of treatment, the severity of hearing loss, etc.). The importance of the assessment of vestibular function was evidenced by previous studies. A recent study showed that vHIT results were different in vestibular neuritis and SSHL with vertigo, suggesting different causes of vestibular neuritis and SSHL. The primary aim of the study is to describe the extension of macular and canal injury in patients affected by SSHL with or without vertigo. Secondary aims are to study the association between canal and macular function with hearing prognosis and to describe ischemic patterns of inner ear damage. Consecutive patients with SSHL with or without vertigo who referred to Otolaryngology Unit of a tertiary hospital were consecutively recruited for one year. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years, new diagnosis of SSHL. Exclusion criteria were: incomplete follow-up, previous ear disease, contralateral hearing loss. The usual therapeutic and diagnostic protocol was followed. Demographic, clinical and instrumental data were prospectively collected. o-/c-VEMPs and vHIT results were compared with hearing recovery and the presence of ischemic alterations at head MRI. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (IBB SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Quantitative variables were checked for normal distribution using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Continuous variables were described by mean ± standard deviation or median and range. Comparisons between groups were performed by Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fischer’s exact test for categorical variables, one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. Differences between groups were considered significant at p<0.05. 147 patients had SSHL during the study period, 61 patients were excluded, 86 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Median age was 55.7 years (22-84). Vertigo occurred in 73.3% (63/86) of cases. cVEMPs or oVEMPs abnormalities were found in 45.3% and 41.9%, respectively. Canal function was altered at the vHIT in lateral 16.3% for lateral, 20.9% for posterior and 10.6% for anterior canal. Three groups of patients were identified: patients without vertigo, patients with vertigo, patients with Meniere’s disease. Saccular dysfunction was more frequent in patients with vertigo (p<0.05). Posterior canal dysfunction was more frequent in patients with vertigo (p<0.05). Complete canals deficit was present only in patients with vertigo. Deficit of three or more receptors was more frequent in patients with vertigo (p<0.05). Impaired saccular function and high number of impaired receptors were associated with poor hearing outcome (p<0.05). Patients with vertigo had more severe Fazekas scale scores at head MRI (p<0.05). Patients with ischemic patterns had also vertigo (p<0.05), severe hearing loss and poor outcomes (p<0.05). In conclusion, a complete assessment of vestibular receptors and afferents could help to better define the extension of the injury in SSHL and give information about the prognosis. Certain patterns of canal and macular injury could suggest ischemic cause. Vertigo, high number of injured receptors and certain patterns of canal or macular injuries are associated with poor outcome.

Si definisce ipoacusia improvvisa una perdita uditiva neurosensoriale ≥30 dB in tre frequenze adiacenti del campo uditivo tonale. Il meccanismo eziopatogenetico non è noto nella maggior parte dei casi. Studi precedenti hanno evidenziato, oltre ad alcuni indicatori prognostici (es. età del paziente, ritardo nel trattamento, grado di ipoacusia,…), anche l’importanza della valutazione della funzionalità vestibolare; ad esempio è stato dimostrato che la neuronite vestibolare e l’ipoacusia improvvisa associata a vertigine presentano esiti diversi al vHIT, suggerendo differenti eziologie. Obiettivi dello studio sono: descrivere l’estensione del danno maculare e canalare nei pazienti con ipoacusia improvvisa, studiare l’associazione tra il danno vestibolare e la prognosi uditiva e descrivere pattern di danno vascolare. Sono stati inclusi nello studio 86 pazienti con nuova diagnosi di ipoacusia improvvisa afferenti ad un centro di terzo livello. Criteri di inclusion: età >18 anni. Criteri di esclusione: follow up interrotto, pregresse patologie uditive omo- o contro-laterali, patologie dell’orecchio medio. I pazienti sono stati trattati secondo I protocolli ospedalieri e i dati clinici e strumentali relative a vHIT e VEMPs sono stati raccolti in modo prospettico. L’analisi statistica è stata svolta con il software SPSS 20.0 (IBB SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Le variabili continue sono state riportate come media ± DS o mediana e range. I test di Pearson (chi-squared) o il test di Fischer sono stati utilizzati per confrontare le variabili categoriche; i test ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test o Kruskal-Wallis per le variabili continue. Una P<0.05 è stata considerata per la significatività statistica. L'età media è stata di 55.7 anni (22-84). Il 73.3% (63/86) dei pazienti ha riferito vertigine. È stata trovata un’anormalità ai cVEMPs e ai oVEMPs rispettivamente nel 45.3% e 41.9% dei casi. La funzionalità canalare era alterata nel 16.3% dei casi per il canale laterale, 20.9% per il posteriore e 10.6% per l’anteriore. I pazienti sono stati suddivisi in 3 gruppi: pazienti con vertigine, pazienti senza vertigine e gruppo menierico. Alterazioni sacculari, del canale posteriore o di 3 o più recettori sono state riscontrate con maggiore frequenza nei pazienti del primo gruppo (p<0.05). UN deficit tricanalare si è verificato unicamente nei pazienti con vertigine. Sono stati identificati come fattori prognostici negative per la funzionalità uditiva le anormalità sacculari e l’elevato numero di alterazioni recettoriali (p<0.05). Inoltre, I pazienti con vertigine presentavano valori più elevati alla scala di Fazekas (p<0.05). I pazienti con pattern ischemico si presentavano con vertigine, perdite uditive più severe e prognosi peggiore (p<0.05). In conclusione, uno studio complete dei recettori vestibolari e delle vie afferenti potrebbe migliorare la definizione dell’estensione del danno in questi pazienti, oltre che a fornire indicazioni prognostiche e permettere di identificare pattern a possibile patogenesi vascolare. La presenza di vertigine come sintomo associato, di un alto numero di alterazioni recettoriali e pattern lesionali ischemici sono associati ad un peggior recupero della funzione uditiva.

Studio dell’estensione del danno vestibolare nei pazienti affetti da ipoacusia improvvisa / Cecilia Botti , 2023 May 19. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Studio dell’estensione del danno vestibolare nei pazienti affetti da ipoacusia improvvisa

BOTTI, CECILIA
2023

Abstract

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is the loss ≥30 dB in three consecutive frequencies. The exact mechanism underlying SSHL remains elusive. Several prognostic indicators of favourable or unfavourable outcome in SSHL have been proposed (age, delay of treatment, the severity of hearing loss, etc.). The importance of the assessment of vestibular function was evidenced by previous studies. A recent study showed that vHIT results were different in vestibular neuritis and SSHL with vertigo, suggesting different causes of vestibular neuritis and SSHL. The primary aim of the study is to describe the extension of macular and canal injury in patients affected by SSHL with or without vertigo. Secondary aims are to study the association between canal and macular function with hearing prognosis and to describe ischemic patterns of inner ear damage. Consecutive patients with SSHL with or without vertigo who referred to Otolaryngology Unit of a tertiary hospital were consecutively recruited for one year. Inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years, new diagnosis of SSHL. Exclusion criteria were: incomplete follow-up, previous ear disease, contralateral hearing loss. The usual therapeutic and diagnostic protocol was followed. Demographic, clinical and instrumental data were prospectively collected. o-/c-VEMPs and vHIT results were compared with hearing recovery and the presence of ischemic alterations at head MRI. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (IBB SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Quantitative variables were checked for normal distribution using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Continuous variables were described by mean ± standard deviation or median and range. Comparisons between groups were performed by Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fischer’s exact test for categorical variables, one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. Differences between groups were considered significant at p<0.05. 147 patients had SSHL during the study period, 61 patients were excluded, 86 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Median age was 55.7 years (22-84). Vertigo occurred in 73.3% (63/86) of cases. cVEMPs or oVEMPs abnormalities were found in 45.3% and 41.9%, respectively. Canal function was altered at the vHIT in lateral 16.3% for lateral, 20.9% for posterior and 10.6% for anterior canal. Three groups of patients were identified: patients without vertigo, patients with vertigo, patients with Meniere’s disease. Saccular dysfunction was more frequent in patients with vertigo (p<0.05). Posterior canal dysfunction was more frequent in patients with vertigo (p<0.05). Complete canals deficit was present only in patients with vertigo. Deficit of three or more receptors was more frequent in patients with vertigo (p<0.05). Impaired saccular function and high number of impaired receptors were associated with poor hearing outcome (p<0.05). Patients with vertigo had more severe Fazekas scale scores at head MRI (p<0.05). Patients with ischemic patterns had also vertigo (p<0.05), severe hearing loss and poor outcomes (p<0.05). In conclusion, a complete assessment of vestibular receptors and afferents could help to better define the extension of the injury in SSHL and give information about the prognosis. Certain patterns of canal and macular injury could suggest ischemic cause. Vertigo, high number of injured receptors and certain patterns of canal or macular injuries are associated with poor outcome.
The extent of vestibular injury in sudden sensorineural hearing loss
19-mag-2023
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