Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells characterized by an increased proliferation and abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells. Among these disorders, which also include polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis (MF) displays the worst prognosis. This neoplasm is characterized by megakaryocyte hyperplasia, progressive bone marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis, which often results in splenomegaly. Other frequent clinical manifestation involves osteosclerosis, increased susceptibility to infections and an overall blood cells cytopenia. Since the clinical features of MF and its progression are highly variable there are several therapies that are being used depending on the severity of the disease in each patient. Currently, allogenic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is the only curative therapeutic approach, but is still associated to frequent graft-related morbidities and deaths. There is thus an urgent need to identify new specific prognostic factors that can complement current stratification models, allowing the identification of high-risk patients eligible for this treatment and enabling the use of more tailored treatments. Circulating molecules have recently been exploited as useful and noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for a wide variety of neoplasms. Therefore, we focused our study on the detection in blood plasma of healthy donors and MF patients of several circulating long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNAs recently described as key mediators in the development of hematological malignancies. For this purpose, we selected 143 MF patients and 65 healthy controls and we tested the expression levels of some lncRNAs, selected from those deregulated in CD34+ progenitor cells of MF by previous OpenArray experiments and those deregulated in hematological malignancies or involved in myeloid differentiation. Among all the lncRNAs analyzed we identified seven of them, i.e LINC01268, LINC00899, CDKN2B-antisense1, TUG1, MALAT1, NEAT1 and GAS5, that were significantly upregulated in plasma of patients compared to healthy controls. In order to investigate the possibility of using these molecules as circulating biomarkers we evaluated the correlation between the plasma levels of these differentially expressed lncRNAs and the clinical and molecular features of patients. This analysis shows that high plasma levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 and GAS5 correlate with an increased white blood cells count, increased levels of circulating CD34 + cells and increased LDH levels. In addition, increased plasma levels of the same lncRNAs also correlate with a higher fibrosis grade and with the presence of high molecular risk mutations. We also analyzed the correlation with the overall survival (OS) and the leukemia-free survival (LFS). OS analysis shows that increased levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 and GAS5 correlate with a lower survival in patients with MF, while high levels of LINC01268 correlate even with a higher risk of leukemic transformation. Finally, multivariate analysis has shown that high plasma levels of LINC01268 represent an independent prognostic factor with respect to the DIPSS classification both in terms of OS and LFS. In conclusion our data suggest that the different expression levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 and GAS5, in particular those of LINC01268, if confirmed in future in a perspective clinical study, might be proposed as putative new biomarkers suitable to integrate contemporary prognostic models for MF.
Le neoplasie mieloproliferative Philadelphia-negative sono malattie clonali delle cellule staminali emopoietiche caratterizzate da una maggiore proliferazione e differenziamento anomalo delle cellule mieloidi. Tra questi disturbi, che includono anche la policitemia vera e la trombocitemia essenziale, la mielofibrosi (MF) presenta la prognosi peggiore. La MF è caratterizzata da iperplasia megacariocitaria, fibrosi midollare ed emopoiesi extramidollare, che provoca splenomegalia. Altre manifestazioni cliniche frequenti sono l'osteosclerosi, l'aumentata suscettibilità alle infezioni e citopenia. Poiché le caratteristiche cliniche della MF e la sua progressione sono altamente variabili, vengono utilizzate diverse terapie a seconda della gravità della malattia in ciascun paziente. Attualmente il trapianto allogenico di cellule staminali emopoietiche è l'unico approccio terapeutico curativo, ma è ancora associato a frequenti morbilità e può risultare letale. Individuare nuovi fattori prognostici specifici che possano integrare gli attuali modelli prognostici predittivi è quindi necessario per identificare i pazienti ad alto rischio eleggibili per il trapianto e per consentire l'uso di trattamenti personalizzati. Le molecole circolanti sono state recentemente sfruttate come biomarcatori diagnostici e prognostici non invasivi per un'ampia varietà di neoplasie, tra queste gli RNA lunghi non codificanti (lncRNA) sono stati descritti come mediatori chiave nello sviluppo delle neoplasie ematologiche. Pertanto, abbiamo focalizzato il nostro studio sulla rilevazione di diversi lncRNA circolanti nel plasma di donatori sani e di pazienti con MF. A questo scopo, abbiamo selezionato 143 pazienti con MF e 65 donatori sani e abbiamo valutato i livelli di espressione di alcuni lncRNA, selezionati tra quelli risultati deregolati nelle cellule progenitrici CD34+ di MF, in precedenti esperimenti OpenArray, ma anche in altre neoplasie ematologiche o coinvolti nel differenziamento mieloide. Tra tutti i lncRNA analizzati ne abbiamo identificati sette, cioè LINC01268, LINC00899, CDKN2B-antisense1, TUG1, MALAT1, NEAT1 e GAS5, significativamente aumentati nel plasma dei pazienti rispetto ai controlli sani. Al fine di studiare il possibile utilizzo di queste molecole come biomarcatori circolanti abbiamo valutato la correlazione tra i livelli plasmatici dei lncRNA differenzialmente espressi e le caratteristiche cliniche e molecolari dei pazienti. Questa analisi ha mostrato che alti livelli plasmatici di LINC01268, MALAT1 e GAS5 correlano con un aumento dei globuli bianchi, delle cellule CD34+ circolanti e dei livelli di LDH. Inoltre, l'aumento dei livelli plasmatici degli stessi lncRNA correla anche con un grado di fibrosi più elevato e con la presenza di mutazioni High Molecular Risk. Abbiamo anche analizzato la correlazione con la sopravvivenza globale (OS) e la sopravvivenza libera da leucemia (LFS). L'analisi della OS mostra che livelli aumentati di LINC01268, MALAT1 e GAS5 sono correlati a una sopravvivenza inferiore nei pazienti con MF, mentre alti livelli di LINC01268 sono correlati anche con un rischio più elevato di trasformazione leucemica. Infine, l'analisi multivariata ha dimostrato che alti livelli plasmatici di LINC01268 rappresentano un fattore prognostico indipendente rispetto alla classificazione DIPSS sia in termini di OS che di LFS. In conclusione, i nostri dati suggeriscono che i diversi livelli di espressione di LINC01268, MALAT1 e GAS5, e in particolare quelli di LINC01268, se confermati in futuro in uno studio clinico prospettico, potrebbero essere proposti come nuovi biomarcatori putativi adatti ad integrare gli attuali modelli prognostici per la MF.
I lncRNA circolanti LINC01268, GAS5 e MALAT1 come potenziali biomarcatori prognostici nella mielofibrosi / Stefano Sartini , 2023 May 23. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.
I lncRNA circolanti LINC01268, GAS5 e MALAT1 come potenziali biomarcatori prognostici nella mielofibrosi
SARTINI, STEFANO
2023
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cells characterized by an increased proliferation and abnormal differentiation of myeloid cells. Among these disorders, which also include polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, myelofibrosis (MF) displays the worst prognosis. This neoplasm is characterized by megakaryocyte hyperplasia, progressive bone marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis, which often results in splenomegaly. Other frequent clinical manifestation involves osteosclerosis, increased susceptibility to infections and an overall blood cells cytopenia. Since the clinical features of MF and its progression are highly variable there are several therapies that are being used depending on the severity of the disease in each patient. Currently, allogenic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is the only curative therapeutic approach, but is still associated to frequent graft-related morbidities and deaths. There is thus an urgent need to identify new specific prognostic factors that can complement current stratification models, allowing the identification of high-risk patients eligible for this treatment and enabling the use of more tailored treatments. Circulating molecules have recently been exploited as useful and noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for a wide variety of neoplasms. Therefore, we focused our study on the detection in blood plasma of healthy donors and MF patients of several circulating long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNAs recently described as key mediators in the development of hematological malignancies. For this purpose, we selected 143 MF patients and 65 healthy controls and we tested the expression levels of some lncRNAs, selected from those deregulated in CD34+ progenitor cells of MF by previous OpenArray experiments and those deregulated in hematological malignancies or involved in myeloid differentiation. Among all the lncRNAs analyzed we identified seven of them, i.e LINC01268, LINC00899, CDKN2B-antisense1, TUG1, MALAT1, NEAT1 and GAS5, that were significantly upregulated in plasma of patients compared to healthy controls. In order to investigate the possibility of using these molecules as circulating biomarkers we evaluated the correlation between the plasma levels of these differentially expressed lncRNAs and the clinical and molecular features of patients. This analysis shows that high plasma levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 and GAS5 correlate with an increased white blood cells count, increased levels of circulating CD34 + cells and increased LDH levels. In addition, increased plasma levels of the same lncRNAs also correlate with a higher fibrosis grade and with the presence of high molecular risk mutations. We also analyzed the correlation with the overall survival (OS) and the leukemia-free survival (LFS). OS analysis shows that increased levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 and GAS5 correlate with a lower survival in patients with MF, while high levels of LINC01268 correlate even with a higher risk of leukemic transformation. Finally, multivariate analysis has shown that high plasma levels of LINC01268 represent an independent prognostic factor with respect to the DIPSS classification both in terms of OS and LFS. In conclusion our data suggest that the different expression levels of LINC01268, MALAT1 and GAS5, in particular those of LINC01268, if confirmed in future in a perspective clinical study, might be proposed as putative new biomarkers suitable to integrate contemporary prognostic models for MF.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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PhD Thesis Stefano Sartini.pdf
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