Novel sourdough-based biotechnology applications have recently been raised to address customer demand for natural and healthful food as well as provide new inputs for the food industry. This PhD project has focused on the beneficial effects of sourdough yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the production of various secondary metabolites, with both technological and functional role. Additionally, investigation on the ability of sourdough LAB to produce antifungal and antibacterial compounds to be used as bio-preservatives have been made. The recovery of yeasts and LAB involved in sourdough fermentation was the first step of the project to select strains suitable as starters with optimal technological aptitude and capable of producing desired aromas and/or aromatic precursors. To this aim, yeasts and bacteria strains were isolated from two sourdoughs samples and their derived doughs used for Panettone production. They were identified and deposited in the Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC, www.umcc.unimore.it). The main species detected were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania humilis, Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Furfurilactobacillus rossiae, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, Leuconostoc citreum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. In addition, volatile organic compounds were identified and correlated to the strains. Additionally, the potential of LAB strains to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was assessed. These compounds are gaining popularity due to their useful features and adaptability to a variety of food-related commercial applications such as gluten free (GF) products. EPS-producing LAB strains help to enhance the rheological and sensory qualities of GF products which are often characterized by an unpleasant flavour, and fat-richness. To detect LAB with the potential ability to produce EPSs, several strains were isolated from gluten-free rice sourdoughs. Among them, LAB strains belonging to the species L. plantarum and P. pediococcus were able to produce dextran-like EPS. Moreover, the most promising LAB strains were tested against common spoilage agents including bacteria (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes) and moulds (Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium paneum and Aspergillus niger). A strain-specific behavior against the moulds was detected and a wide activity against bacterial spoilage was proved. Subsequently, the best-chosen strains including L. plantarum UMCC 2996, F. rossiae UMCC 3002, and P. pentosaceus UMCC 3010, were used to design a novel strategy for the cultivation of selected starters with a bio-protection activity by valorizing bread waste and cheese whey by-products. During the third year of PhD, further investigation on the best performer LAB from the UMCC collection and other LAB from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet collection were done to detect specific bacteriocin and antifungal compounds. Different assays against specific spoilage bakery agents Bacillus spp. Lysinobacillus spp. and Paenibacillus spp. were performed showing bacteriostatic activity and genomic finding revealed the presence of functional operons of IIc/b class bacteriocins. Specific bakery moulds were also challenged and GC-MASS and HPLC-DAD were performed along with co-culture and detoxification assays. The obtained results highlighted the specific features of the various strains giving the possibility to built starter culture with specific features.

Negli ultimi anni, la crescente richiesta da parte dei consumatori di cibi definiti “clean label” e salutari ha influenzato le industrie alimentari e le biotecnologie verso lo sviluppo di colture starter in grado di soddisfare la richiesta di nuovi prodotti. In questo contesto, la riscoperta dei prodotti fermentati, ed in particolare del lievito madre, ha portato alla ricerca di lieviti e batteri lattici con spiccate abilità tecnologiche per la creazione di colture starter innovative. In particolare, questo progetto di dottorato si è concentrato sugli effetti benefici del lievito madre, sul suo pool microbico di lieviti e batteri lattici (LAB) e sulla produzione dei vari metaboliti secondari, con ruolo sia tecnologico che funzionale. Nello specifico, sono stati condotti diversi studi sulla capacità di bio-preservazione dei LAB e la loro abilità di produrre composti ad impatto tecnologico come aromi ed esopolisaccaridi. La prima parte del progetto si è focalizzata sull’ottenimento di ceppi di lieviti e LAB caratterizzati da spiccate abilità tecnologiche e aromatiche, isolati da paste acide per la produzione di Panettoni artigianali e dai relativi impasti. Le varie specie ottenute dai vari isolamenti sono attualmente depositate nella Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC, www.umcc.unimore.it). Sia i lieviti che i batteri lattici ottenuti risultano tipici colonizzatori degli impasti acidi e sono rappresentati da: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania humilis, Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Furfurilactobacillus rossiae, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, Leuconostoc citreum, e Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Nello specifico, sono stati condotti studi di correlazione tra il volatiloma e i vari microrganismi, e successivamente la capacità di produzione di esopolisaccaridi da vari LAB è stata investigata. Questi ultimi infatti, rappresentano un potenziale prodotto microbico per il miglioramento tecnologico e nutrizionale dei prodotti da forno senza glutine (GF), normalmente caratterizzati da assenza di gusto e scarse qualità nutrizionali. Diversi ceppi appartenenti alle specie Lacp. plantarum e P. pentosaceus, isolati da una pasta madre GF ottenuta da farina di riso, hanno mostrato la capacità di produzione di simil-destrani. Inoltre, i LAB ritenuti maggiormente significativi per le per produzione aromatica e/o esopolisaccaridica, sono stati utilizzati in studi per il controllo/eliminazione di egenti deterioranti sia batterici (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium e Listeria monocytogenes) che fungini (Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium paneum e Aspergillus niger). I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato una capacità di inibizione ceppo-specifica e, i ceppi L. plantarum UMCC 2996, F. rossiae UMCC 3002, e P. pentosaceus UMCC 3010, ritenuti migliori sono stati impiegati nella realizzazione di coating naturale ad azione bio-preservante e un terreno ottenuto da scarti di pane e sieri di latte. Il terzo ed ultimo anno di dottorato, ulteriori analisi sui ceppi di LAB più promettenti della collezione UMCC e della collezione della Danmarks Tekniske Universitet sono state condotte, con lo scopo di identificare la presenza di eventuali batteriocine e/o composti antifungini. Pertanto, diversi esperimenti a carico di agenti deterioranti e/o patogeni specifici per i prodotti da forno, sono stati condotti. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato la presenza di batteriocine di classe IIb/c e la possibile azione detossificante nei confronti dei metaboliti fungini. In conclusione i risultati ottenuti nel corso del dottorato hanno evidenziato la possibilità di una creazione di colture starter con spiccate abilità tecnologiche.

Studio della diversità e funzionalità di lieviti e batteri lattici isolati da impasti acidi all’intero della Unimore Microbial Collection / Giovanna Iosca , 2023 Apr 21. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Studio della diversità e funzionalità di lieviti e batteri lattici isolati da impasti acidi all’intero della Unimore Microbial Collection

IOSCA, GIOVANNA
2023

Abstract

Novel sourdough-based biotechnology applications have recently been raised to address customer demand for natural and healthful food as well as provide new inputs for the food industry. This PhD project has focused on the beneficial effects of sourdough yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the production of various secondary metabolites, with both technological and functional role. Additionally, investigation on the ability of sourdough LAB to produce antifungal and antibacterial compounds to be used as bio-preservatives have been made. The recovery of yeasts and LAB involved in sourdough fermentation was the first step of the project to select strains suitable as starters with optimal technological aptitude and capable of producing desired aromas and/or aromatic precursors. To this aim, yeasts and bacteria strains were isolated from two sourdoughs samples and their derived doughs used for Panettone production. They were identified and deposited in the Unimore Microbial Culture Collection (UMCC, www.umcc.unimore.it). The main species detected were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania humilis, Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Furfurilactobacillus rossiae, Lactobacillus parabuchneri, Leuconostoc citreum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. In addition, volatile organic compounds were identified and correlated to the strains. Additionally, the potential of LAB strains to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was assessed. These compounds are gaining popularity due to their useful features and adaptability to a variety of food-related commercial applications such as gluten free (GF) products. EPS-producing LAB strains help to enhance the rheological and sensory qualities of GF products which are often characterized by an unpleasant flavour, and fat-richness. To detect LAB with the potential ability to produce EPSs, several strains were isolated from gluten-free rice sourdoughs. Among them, LAB strains belonging to the species L. plantarum and P. pediococcus were able to produce dextran-like EPS. Moreover, the most promising LAB strains were tested against common spoilage agents including bacteria (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes) and moulds (Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium paneum and Aspergillus niger). A strain-specific behavior against the moulds was detected and a wide activity against bacterial spoilage was proved. Subsequently, the best-chosen strains including L. plantarum UMCC 2996, F. rossiae UMCC 3002, and P. pentosaceus UMCC 3010, were used to design a novel strategy for the cultivation of selected starters with a bio-protection activity by valorizing bread waste and cheese whey by-products. During the third year of PhD, further investigation on the best performer LAB from the UMCC collection and other LAB from Danmarks Tekniske Universitet collection were done to detect specific bacteriocin and antifungal compounds. Different assays against specific spoilage bakery agents Bacillus spp. Lysinobacillus spp. and Paenibacillus spp. were performed showing bacteriostatic activity and genomic finding revealed the presence of functional operons of IIc/b class bacteriocins. Specific bakery moulds were also challenged and GC-MASS and HPLC-DAD were performed along with co-culture and detoxification assays. The obtained results highlighted the specific features of the various strains giving the possibility to built starter culture with specific features.
Exploring the diversity and functionality of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria from sourdoughs in the Unimore Microbial Culture Collection
21-apr-2023
PULVIRENTI, Andrea
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