The diffusion mechanisms of an emerging technology have been the subject of extensive debates within the literature, given the deep changes they may play within society and the consequent interest of policies towards them. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are perceived as one of the fundamental disruptors in the upcoming technology revolution, fitting in the landscape of the fourth industrial revolution, where the evaluative complexity of technological innovations increases exponentially and defines a deep sectoral contamination. The complexity of the issues emerging from these technological innovations implies the need for a broader reflection with respect to the processes of acceptance and future diffusion of AVs. Therefore, a first research line looks at the automotive LLs as entities that are potentially able to detect the technological and social complexity linked to the AVs. However, because of its newness, the literature on LLs suffers from a lack of systematic organization. Dealing with a phenomenon that only recently has been institutionalized, where theory has been developing after the practice was already emerged, the purpose of the first chapter is to identify the gaps between practice and theory, throughout a systematic review of articles analysing the phenomenon of LL via the lens of in-depth case study. To do that, a total of 65 papers were chosen and analysed, resulting in a classification of the contributions in three different perspectives: actor-based, methodological and environmental and to the definition of some gaps where to address future researches on LLs. In the second chapter, two experiences of LLs focusing on new forms of mobility are selected and analysed. In an attempt to find the theoretical foundation for the real-life setting principle of LL, borrowing the concept of Enabler Space (ES) as multidimensional containers fostering innovation processes, we investigate how the space influences LLs, looking at the physical, social and organizational spaces dimensions. Results show how the physical, social, and organizational dimensions of ES interrelate and they influence the evolution of the LL. A second research line wants to contribute to the study of the acceptance processes of AVs, highlighting the barriers and the attitude of the future users toward these technologies. In line with the transformation the sector is having that may eventually discourage car ownership, some studies state that AV technologies fit well into a carsharing business model, leading to a more fleet-oriented market. In order to do that, an integration of the Technology Acceptance Model with Innovation Diffusion Theory is proposed. Introducing carsharing compatibility as moderator of the model, its effect on the relationships between three of the independent variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use e perceived safety risk) and the dependent variable (intention to use) is analysed. Results, gained from a sample of 361 Italian respondents, suggest that carsharing compatibility influences the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to use AVs.

I meccanismi di diffusione relativi alle emerging technologies sono stati oggetto di ampi dibattiti all'interno della letteratura, dato i profondi cambiamenti che possono comportare all'interno della società e il conseguente interesse delle politiche nei loro confronti. Nel panorama della quarta rivoluzione industriale, dove la complessità valutativa delle innovazioni tecnologiche aumenta esponenzialmente e definisce una profonda contaminazione settoriale, i veicoli a guida autonomi (Autonomous Vehicles - AV) sono percepiti come uno dei principali protagonisti. La complessità sociale che emerge da queste innovazioni tecnologiche implica la necessità di una riflessione più ampia rispetto ai loro processi di accettazione e di futura diffusione. Pertanto, una prima linea di ricerca guarda ai Living Lab (LL) come entità potenzialmente in grado di rilevare la complessità tecnologica e sociale legata agli AV. Tuttavia, a causa della sua recente nascita, la letteratura sui LL manca di un’organizzazione sistematica. Trattandosi un fenomeno che solo di recente è stato istituzionalizzato, che ha visto la teoria svilupparsi a seguito della pratica, il primo capitolo propone una revisione sistematica degli articoli che analizzano il fenomeno dei LL utilizzando una metodologia basata sul deep case study. Attraverso l’analisi di 65 articoli si restituisce una classificazione dei contributi sulla base di tre diverse prospettive: attoriale, metodologica e contestuale e l’individuazione di alcuni gap tra pratica e teoria su cui indirizzare le future ricerche sui LL. Nel secondo capitolo, vengono selezionate e analizzate due esperienze di LL incentrate su nuove forme di mobilità. Nel tentativo di trovare il fondamento teorico per uno dei principi fondanti dei LL, il real -life setting, prendendo in prestito il concetto di Enabler Space (ES) come contenitore multidimensionale che favorisce i processi di innovazione, si propone un’analisi di come lo spazio influenzi i LL, indagando le dimensioni degli spazi fisici, sociali e organizzativi. I risultati mostrano come le dimensioni fisiche, sociali e organizzative dell'ES siano interrelate e influenzino l'evoluzione dei LL. Una seconda linea di ricerca vuole contribuire allo studio dei processi di accettazione degli AV, evidenziando le barriere e l'atteggiamento dei futuri utenti verso queste tecnologie. In linea con la trasformazione del settore, alcuni studi affermano che le tecnologie AV si adattano bene a un modello di business basato sul carsharing. Partendo da questa riflessione, si propone un modello di ricerca basato su un’integrazione tra il Technology Acceptance Model e l’Innovation Diffusion Theory, dove la variabile di carsharing compatibility è stata introdotta come moderatrice del modello, per analizzarne l'effetto sulle relazioni tra tre delle variabili indipendenti (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use e perceived safety risk) e la variabile dipendente (intention to use). I risultati, misurati su di un campione italiano di 361 rispondenti, suggeriscono che la carsharing compatibility influenza la relazione tra perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use e l'intenzione di utilizzare gli AV.

Test e accettazione dei veicoli autonomi. Living Lab e studi sull'atteggiamento dei futuri utenti / Silvia Della Santa , 2023 Feb 10. 35. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2021/2022.

Test e accettazione dei veicoli autonomi. Living Lab e studi sull'atteggiamento dei futuri utenti

DELLA SANTA, SILVIA
2023

Abstract

The diffusion mechanisms of an emerging technology have been the subject of extensive debates within the literature, given the deep changes they may play within society and the consequent interest of policies towards them. Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are perceived as one of the fundamental disruptors in the upcoming technology revolution, fitting in the landscape of the fourth industrial revolution, where the evaluative complexity of technological innovations increases exponentially and defines a deep sectoral contamination. The complexity of the issues emerging from these technological innovations implies the need for a broader reflection with respect to the processes of acceptance and future diffusion of AVs. Therefore, a first research line looks at the automotive LLs as entities that are potentially able to detect the technological and social complexity linked to the AVs. However, because of its newness, the literature on LLs suffers from a lack of systematic organization. Dealing with a phenomenon that only recently has been institutionalized, where theory has been developing after the practice was already emerged, the purpose of the first chapter is to identify the gaps between practice and theory, throughout a systematic review of articles analysing the phenomenon of LL via the lens of in-depth case study. To do that, a total of 65 papers were chosen and analysed, resulting in a classification of the contributions in three different perspectives: actor-based, methodological and environmental and to the definition of some gaps where to address future researches on LLs. In the second chapter, two experiences of LLs focusing on new forms of mobility are selected and analysed. In an attempt to find the theoretical foundation for the real-life setting principle of LL, borrowing the concept of Enabler Space (ES) as multidimensional containers fostering innovation processes, we investigate how the space influences LLs, looking at the physical, social and organizational spaces dimensions. Results show how the physical, social, and organizational dimensions of ES interrelate and they influence the evolution of the LL. A second research line wants to contribute to the study of the acceptance processes of AVs, highlighting the barriers and the attitude of the future users toward these technologies. In line with the transformation the sector is having that may eventually discourage car ownership, some studies state that AV technologies fit well into a carsharing business model, leading to a more fleet-oriented market. In order to do that, an integration of the Technology Acceptance Model with Innovation Diffusion Theory is proposed. Introducing carsharing compatibility as moderator of the model, its effect on the relationships between three of the independent variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use e perceived safety risk) and the dependent variable (intention to use) is analysed. Results, gained from a sample of 361 Italian respondents, suggest that carsharing compatibility influences the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to use AVs.
Testing and Acceptance of autonomous vehicles. Living Labs and users’ attitude studies
10-feb-2023
BALBONI, Bernardo
MARCHI, Gianluca
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1298328
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